endobj 1830-1890s - European hunters, traders and missionaries explore the region from the south. 0000002181 00000 n However, there was much dissent on the part of the opposition party ZAPU under Joshua Nkomo (Matebele) that fought the guerrilla war against Rhodesia. Those who did, settled within modern-day Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Botswana, and co-existed with the indigenous people; most of whom, in Zimbabwe, were the Naletale people. Zimbabwe was colonised by Cecil John Rhodes (centre) in the late 1800s. 1930-1960s - Black opposition to colonial rule grows. The British government retained control of external affairs and a final veto in respect to legislation directly affecting Africans. The first single-volume history of Zimbabwe with detailed coverage from pre-colonial times to the present, this book examines Zimbabwe's pre-colonial, colonial and postcolonial social, economic and political history and relates historical factors and trends to recent developments in the country. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br The territory of Rhodesia was divided into two parts by using the Zambezi River as a separation line: Southern Rhodesia and North Rhodesia were constituted. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Colonialism and Imperialism 1. In East Africa, plateau regions were suitable for cattle grazing. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. pdf. The name Zimbabwe is derived from the Shona, dzimba dzemabwe, meaning houses of stone or stone buildings, today symbolized by the Great Zimbabwe Ruins near the present day town of Masvingo.Zimbawe has a rich history, not only of achievement, innovation, co-operation and economic prosperity, but also of conflict, trials and tribulations that reflects the dynamism of its peoples. Zimbabwe: Colonization Melissa Murrin Hjelmgren 123 Period 1 5.8.09 In the 16th century, the Portuguese, followed by the British, were the first Europeans to attempt colonization of south-central Africa, but the hinterland lay virtually untouched by Europeans until the arrival of explorers. 0000006888 00000 n xb```f``, \6n.&/rXP(Sc} 3DT3/m`PJ|sAoGe;F%WtU_=%jz2^]>%,ZJ TU|)AuwJWPj :H)5 ,@A8z2@P $ The chapters argues that, contrary to the view that Paul is merely a travelling evangelist in Acts, Paul's pastoral concern for believers is pervasive even in Acts. Until roughly 2,000 years ago, what would become Zimbabwe was populated by ancestors of the San people. Treaties and concessions signed by Lobengula. To access more topics go to the History Notes page. There the new arrivals settled and began to lay claim to prospecting rights. 0000003015 00000 n 0000002423 00000 n Problems faced by Lobengula in dealing with concession seekers. The opposition MDC dismisses the polls as a fraud. In Southern Africa, Great Zimbabwe emerged as the most complex civilization throughout Southern Africa. /Width 625 s$)%!aee,3#=v,UO;UX 9rCm^G^c?D6tT yp1sN(RI#SY)c Nc]; I] K Zimbabwe is a Colonialism The Historical Context From 1870 a series of great economic changes in advanced capitalist powers (Second industrial revolution) brought a wave of new technologies that radically transformed the economy of the most advanced countries. 0000062033 00000 n endobj Zimbabwe, located in southern Africa, experienced a severe epidemic of cholera from 2008 to 2009. 2005 March - Zanu-PF wins two-thirds of the votes in parliamentary polls. In 1896 the Ndebele rose again. C q" Breakdown of the study sample and sample size Sample Sample Size Age Role in Community Impact of the resettlement /AIS false Zimbabwe since the early 16th century was closely associated with the introduction and con sequences of merchant capital. When Cecil Rhodes died in 1902, Southern Rhodesia, along with North Rhodesia, remained under the control of the BSAC until, in 1923, following a referendum, they were proclaimed a British colony and passed under the direct control of the Crown. 1 2 . (www.bloomsbury.com/au/paul-as-pastor-9780567677914). He resigned on November 21, 2017, after succumbing to political and military pressure. /Length 8 0 R Pioneer Column and ended in 1893 after the Anglo-Ndebele war. Edited by Brian S. Rosner, Andrew S. Malone, and Trevor J. Burke. Table 1:1. ?}=j?@:y)+{SqLt"\|=5AXp7`rH}3N9 >> 4exQ}sD@L>Fs1f@d =)& 9;WxuD#{irp39I zOjtjTu=^%%6J=1s=(>q{4A ecj:udJ1Av]i'qN)J9kkO9m7sHw${$vE,w4ts3? /AIS false After World War II, in 1953, despite much of the Bantu's opposing population, North Rhodesia, South Rhodesia and Nyassaland, todays Malawi, were reunited in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyassaland; in this federation Zimbabwe assumed a primary role but the federation was short lived because it was strongly opposed by both black and white movements and hence, in 1963, it was dissolved. The first action towards the colonization of Zimbabwe was the Rudd Concession, which was pushed through by Cecil Rhodes in 1888. HWr}W % 7YJjmMVl$ R{t"Rr\eB>}~ Previous Section: Zimbabwe Before Britain NDEbele Kingdom The final stage of Zimbabwe's history before a British takeover was a state called Matabeleland. 0000002610 00000 n Zimbabwe was occupied as a strategy by Britain to force Boers to embrace the, Zimbabwe was also colonized to fulfill the Cape to Cairo pro, Racist tendencies that were high during the time can, Zimbabwe was also colonized due to the need to invest surplus capital, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Quick NetOne, Econet, And Telecel Airtime Recharge, on Colonization of Zimbabwe: Introduction- Updated 2023, Environmental Health: Air pollution- Updated 2023, Profit Sharing and Share Options- Updated 2023, The colonisation of Zimbabwe was part of the was part of imperialist activities in the late 19th century, Four European countries were interested in Zimbabwe, These were the British, Germans, Portuguese and Boers, The British wanted the territory for gold, The Portuguese wanted the colony to link with their South East Africa colonies, The Germans and Boers wanted to expand their territories into Central Africa, Britain eventually colonized Zimbabwe and it was given the name of Cecil John Rhodes, Gold had been discovered in the Rand in 1886 and this raised interest in Britain, Germany, Portugal and Boer who thought it was also available south of Limpopo, They went to sign mining concessions with Lobengula, The rich Savannah soils found in Zimbabwe also attracted European settlers as they wanted to do commercial agriculture, There were vast natural resources in Zimbabwe like ivory and iron and Europeans wanted to control these hence the colonization of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe was colonized because there was also a readily available market and demand of European goods, Cecil also wanted to control the large herds of cattle available in Zimbabwe, Rhodes ambitious character of wanting to spread British imperialism and control the whole Southern African region led to the occupation of Zimbabwe, Friendship treaties between local leaders and British officials e.g. 5) Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 0000039346 00000 n /Height 155 During the colonial rule that extended from 1890 to 1979, the white minority dominated and oppressed the native population and divested them of their land. Tsika. The kings,, colony of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). All names used in the presentation and interpretation of data are pseudonyms. It is said that after a severe salt shortage at Great Zimbabwe, Nyatsimba was send by his father to look for areas where the state could look for salt. Post Colonial Zimbabwe. April 18, 2022. << *(eYU5J>^*jjv77`hkohknPW#+ '!9rv)Sz=b9f,Y Er"X|r+Vc~r"uvT36ma]*vlQ'+w'N8"+w(S8/+w,."+w*4wKccS0k( 4@iii0w'b&C. 2013 July - Presidential and parliamentary elections. Rhodes believed that the gold belt stretched from Transvaal into, Zimbabwe so he wanted to take control of this gold belt for his own and Britains. British officials to move into Zimbabwe e.g. British Bulawayo cattle central Shona century Charter Chibi Chief Chimurenga Chirimuhanzu Chivero Chivi CNC Salisbury collaboration colonial Company December defeat Department district dynasty early east eastern effect Europeans evidence fact February fighting followed force . [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] In the introduction I give the results of a survey done by LifeWay Research which shows that Americans love God but are confused about what the Bible teaches about sin, salvation, Jesus, and the afterlife. She has a passion for helping others and has been involved in numerous academic and social projects. QUARTER OF a century ago, in 1962, the study of the pre-colonial history of Africa as a serious academic discipline was beginning to get under way. 0000019154 00000 n Industrialisation and mechanisation were fuelling unemployment andimpoverishment in Europe and raising the danger of popular uprisings. H,P} PSbaPp7AkJ7%vi`y?&I@ 8IH3 Ig Abstract Becoming Zimbabwe is the first comprehensive history of Zimbabwe, spanning the years from 850 to 2008. By the following year there were 12,500 settlers in the country, and in 1909 gold exports were worth more than 2,500,000. America needs the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. 5) Archives virtually untapped by historians were beginning to be used, and it was hoped that the faded documents of European imperialism could be used to . 0000018408 00000 n War and Politics in Zimbabwe, 1840-1900. across the Limpopo into southwestern Zimbabwe. The Germans, Boers, Portuguese and the British all wanted to colonize Zimbabwe due, Zimbabwe was eventually colonised by Britain on the 12, The colonisation process started in 1890 with the occupation of Mashonaland by the. Under his government, Zimbabwean currency has become the most unstable one. The Multi-Ethnic Church at Antioch: A Missiological Model for Today. 0000005879 00000 n Read about our approach to external linking. How Zimbabwe was colonised/ Steps towards colonisation. 1830s - Ndebele people fleeing Zulu violence and Boer migration in present-day South Africa move north and settle in what becomes known as Matabeleland. A second principle in which Lord Malvern and most other Europeans in Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia (later Zambia) profoundly believed was that the two countries should be joined together, both for their mutual economic benefit and to ensure the establishment of a powerful state based on British culture and traditions. His, in the full independence of Zimbabwe under Robert Mugabe, who in 1984 declared his intention to create a one-party Marxist state. It is mostly populated by the Shona people, the majority of whom are Christian. /SA true Nr of producers 4 Expectations about the future 5 Taxes and subsidies S PF PC P, If the FEV1 improves by 20 to 25 then the dose should be tapered to the lowest, Project Goal Add role functionality to the actual system Duration From Nov 2017, 21 Connect the UpdateAttribute processor to Put user log OutputPort 22 Return to, Endnotes Endnote 4Amendment history Act Number and year Assent Commencement, Dr. Brett Couch - Midterm 1 Practice Questions - Key (1).pdf, Difficulty Medium Learning Objective 17 5 56 Verizon Manufacturing Company spent, Illigal Inmigration in the united states.edited.docx, Health Care Organization Management.edited.docx, Kami Export - Darrin Greaves - The Cell Cycle Questions.pdf, 6.DBFI 014 Business lending theory and practice Exam.pdf. A series of trading empires emerged, including the Kingdom of Mapungubwe and Kingdom of Zimbabwe.In the 1880s, the British South Africa Company began its activities in the region, leading to the colonial . COLONISATION OF ZIMBABWE dr hoe productions 0772 155 794 [Specimen] 87[a]. Victoria falls - Photo Credits: Alessio Delle Cave, Rhodesia, Zimbabwe - Photo Credits: John Flannery, Great Zimbabwe - Photo Credits: Ross Huggett, Testi e immagini Exploring Africa - 2023, Africa's Most Successful Conservation Projects, The history of Zimbabwe from the origins to the Europeans arrival, The history of Zimbabwe: Cecil Rhodes and the colonial period, The history of Zimbabwe: the independence from the British Crown and the white domination, The history of Zimbabwe: the Shona domination and the era of Robert Mugabe. 0000003433 00000 n It looks at mission as a foundational ecclesial category and describes forms of missionary engagement in relation to the local congregation. 0000038714 00000 n Mr Mugabe gains a seventh term in office and his Zanu-PF party three-quarters of the seats in parliament. steps to gain a grasp of control over the country. Rhodesia became a steady British rule at the end of the XIX century; thanks to the huge funds and work of the British South Africa Company, this young state, divided into two by the . 0000046528 00000 n -In October 1888, he sent Maguire, Thompson and Rudd to sign the Rudd Concession. %PDF-1.4 The Economic History of Zimbabwe began with the transition to majority rule in 1980 and Britain's ceremonial granting of independence. 2009 January - Government allows use of foreign currencies to try stem hyperinflation. The election of 1962boycotted by African nationalistswas won by the extreme right-wing Rhodesian Front (RF) party, which ran on a platform of immediate independence under white control. nQt}MA0alSx k&^>0|>_',G! British colonisation of Zimbabwe was part ofnineteenth-century European expansionism in which European countries imposed political and economic control overterritories in various parts of the world. -He signed the Moffat treaty. wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 0000062779 00000 n In 1997, the then Secretary General of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions,. The new regime inherited one of the most structurally developed economies and effective state systems in Africa. << In order to un derstand the events leading to the colonisation of the Zimbabwe Plateau by the British, we need to appreciate the rise and fall of complex state sys tems especially in the southwest. The whites involved in the signing of treaties and concessions in Zimbabwe between 1850 and 1891 ; Concession seekers who visited Matebeleland between 1870 and 1900 and the treaties they signed; The Colonisation of Zimbabwe: Introduction: Major stages in the colonisation of Zimbabwe; The Moffat Treaty of 1836; The Tati Concession of 1870 And it draws a picture of what one may consider attractive churches. JFIF d d C In all these, Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). begun to consider federation with Southern Rhodesia as a response to growing African assertiveness, and support for federation increased after the war. 0000043825 00000 n he hoped to find second Rand in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is also grappling with price increases which are changing every . 4 Colonial Economy and Society to 1953 52 5 The Federation Years, 1953-1963 119 6 Nationalist Movements to . Sam Selvons The Lonely Londoners Pdf, as one of the most functioning sellers here will entirely be accompanied by the best options to review. trailer (PDF) Zimbabwe Economic Sanctions and Post-Colonial Hangover: A Critique of Zimbabwe Democracy Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA) - 2001 a2018 Zimbabwe Economic Sanctions and Post-Colonial. %PDF-1.3 % 0000003293 00000 n 2018 July - Mnangagwa narrowly wins presidential election over Nelson Chamisa of the MDC Alliance. 2000 June - Zanu-PF narrowly fights off a challenge from the opposition MDC led by Morgan Tsvangirai at parliamentary elections, but loses its power to change the constitution. 0000006813 00000 n The outbreak, which was fueled by the fragmented infrastructure of Zimbabwes health care system and by the unavailability of food and of clean drinking water,. Lobengula's efforts to persuade the colonial office that the concession was invalid by sending envoys to Queen Victoria and writing letters to the colonial office was destined to fail as all the key officials in southern Africa, namely Sir Hercules Robinson the high commissioner succeeded in June 1889 by Sir Henry Loch, Sidney Shippard, then ]cdq1T20_kfa/aN :q5pT.` h Image Courtesy : africaalbidatourism.com/de.jpg ADVERTISEMENTS: 0000002147 00000 n This means we leave a lot out. Tony Blair and George W. Bush imposed sanctions on Zimbabwe starting in 2002 as an act of war against the population. /SMask /None>> 86 13 The issue of land reform and the rise of the Movement for Democratic Change, Which Country Is Larger By Population? [6] Tati Concession Baines treaty Grobler treaty Moffat treaty Rudd Concession Lippert Concession [b].What problems did Lobengula face in dealing with Concession seekers [11] Opposition from his army who wanted all foreigners . 2005 November - Ruling Zanu-PF party wins an overwhelming majority of seats in a newly-created upper house of parliament, the Senate. Colonization of a land, of a people, brings with it many losses that are difficult, perhaps impossible, to rediscover when the nation finds freedom again. Former vice-president Emmerson Mnangagwa becomes president. h-C\)$\O5'LV# =mc2agI0&>6=q|.TK`wAMN g7 zFSysq,.Y.15L;r= |c. 2006 May - Year-on-year inflation exceeds 1,000%. Introduction. 2010 August - Zimbabwe resumes official diamond sales, amid controversy over reported rights abuses at the Marange diamond fields. 'mzCwP#3(if}y';R%G,: T'VT e4{WuwzZI(rn1Q-%oC_=vH6X8r5t5+h8io1mR(v"f(ImTT<3y-*sE?Lw^&4TJpU[r 1972 - Guerrilla war against white rule intensifies, with rivals Zanu and Zapu operating out of Zambia and Mozambique. Its objects were (1) to extend the railway from Kimberley northward to the Zambezi, (2) to encourage immigration and colonization, (3) to promote trade and commerce, and (4) to secure all mineral rights, in return for guarantees of protection and security of rights to the tribal chiefs. 2009 February - Morgan Tsvangirai is sworn in as prime minister, after protracted talks over formation of government. >> 2000 February - President Mugabe suffers defeat in referendum on draft constitution. Status List. 4 0 obj /Height 155 BSAC concession seekers operated north of the Zambezi River, their territorial acquisitions being halted only in Katanga, by rivals financed by King Leopold II of Belgium. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. ROLE OF MISSIONARIES IN THE COLONISATION OF ZIMBABWE KING MATUTU Michael P M Mhlanga Jews came from Antioch and Iconium, and having persuaded the crowds, they stoned Paul and dragged him out of the city, supposing that he was dead. minerals, ivory, timber, Mineral wealth i.e. Read about our approach to external linking. 2008 June - Robert Mugabe declared winner of run-off presidential election after Morgan Tsvangirai pulled out days before the poll, complaining of intimidation. stream Zanu and Zapu boycott transitional legislature elections. Governance is considered within the framework of power, process and practice Returning from London, Rhodes met with the Ndebele chiefs and persuaded them to make peace. The paper gives practical suggestions for preaching the gospel with a focus on the evangelistic preaching of Peter and Paul. In 1988 . uOn4F[cZ+~r"(/Q&W,k 0HmLOt9I!iU#OFg~\Cq!V(`_)sExrZYt]/'GDYK18}[P2n The role of the missionaries in the colonisation of the region was also considerable in terms of cultural and political domination of the people. Main opposition party says election was rigged against it. 0000062925 00000 n Zimbabwe wins international recognition in April. /Producer ( Q t 5 . Colonization and Christianity in Zimbabwe. 98 0 obj<>stream 2003 December - Zimbabwe pulls out of Commonwealth after the organisation decides to extend suspension of the country indefinitely. The former British colony of Southern Rhodesia became the independent Republic of Zimbabwe on 18th April, 1980 after a prolonged war of liberation. benefit i.e. /Type /Catalog From the earliest years, the settlers had demanded representation on the Legislative Council, which in 1903 comprised seven company officials and seven elected representatives of the settlers. Zimbabwe was colonised by Cecil John Rhodes (centre) in the late 1800s. Take our quiz, We'll find you and we won't let you live a teams fight to exist, When a biryani flies hundreds of miles to reach Indians, The two generals fighting over Sudan's future, 'I thought we'd die' - Sudan patients cry for help, Why Gen Z workers are starting on the back foot. Immediately after World War I the pressure for self-government was resumed, and a royal commission was appointed to consider the future of the territory. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Wartime collaboration promoted federal ideas, of the British colony of Rhodesia, and his subsequent efforts to topple the rebel government by the use of economic sanctions rather than by military force failed. How Stuff Works - History - History of Zimbabwe, cholera: Zimbabwe cholera outbreak of 200809, Southern Africa: The Central African Federation, 20th-century international relations: Regional crises, Mozambique: Mozambique as a one-party state, South Africa: The unraveling of apartheid. By 1953 Southern Rhodesia had a European population of 157,000 and an annual revenue of more than 28 million. 0000005934 00000 n 7 0 obj In 1963 Robert Mugabe broke with ZAPU to join the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and thereby split African support along ethnic linesNkomo retained the Ndebele ethnic minority (mostly in the Matabeleland region), while Mugabe garnered the Shona ethnic majority. Announces plans to stabilise economy and encourage foreign investment. In the same year, the company-administered territories, which had previously been loosely known as Zambesia, were formally named Rhodesia by proclamation. At long last, Professor Alois Mlambo has, for the first time, produced a crisp single-volume book that documents the country's rich historical experience, covering the entire precolonial, colonial and postcolonial continuum. stream What are the causes of colonisation of zimbabwe. The colonisation of Zimbabwe was part of the was part of imperialist activities in the late 19th century Four European countries were interested in Zimbabwe These were the British, Germans, Portuguese and Boers The British wanted the territory for gold The Portuguese wanted the colony to link with their South East Africa colonies $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? (2001) Ranger, T. 'Nationalist Historiography, Patriotic History and the History of the Nation: the Struggle over the Past in Zimbabwe', To stop Boer northwards expansion and thereby derailing Rhodes Cape to Cairo, Missionaries encouraged and pleaded with their governments to colonise the country. THE COLONISATION OF ZIMBABWE - The 200 selected (Pioneer Corps) had South African experience and aged below 30. 3 0 obj [xiii] Shadreck Chirikure, Munyaradzi Manyanga, A. Zimbabwe is in the throes of its economic decay in a decade characterized by acute shortages of cash, medicine, fuel and rolling power cuts of up to 20 hours a day. In the context of African development for instance we put aside the issue of the impact of the Atlantic and other slave trades on the development of Africa (Lovejoy, 1989, Nunn, 1. In 1922, however, when the British South Africa Company relinquished control of Southern Rhodesia, the predominantly British settlers opted for self-government under British rule, and the territory became a self-governing colony the following year., Swaziland (Eswatini), Zimbabwe, Lesotho, and Mozambique in order to make preemptive attacks on ANC groups and their allies in these countries. startxref - The 200 were accompanied by 500 policemen (BSAP). Although Zimbabwe has a rich and age-old heritage of oral literature, written literary works were absent for most of the country's ancient history. In Southern Africa: Zimbabwe. The ruling United Federal Party was defeated by the more conservative Rhodesian Front (RF), and Winston Field became prime minister. Suffering, the experience of violation brought on by an act of violence or violent circumstances, is omnipresent in today's world - if only indirectly thro. 1965 - Smith unilaterally declares independence under white minority rule, sparking international outrage and economic sanctions. The colonisation of Southern Rhodesia (as Zimbabwe was then ) had no particular effect on other countries. 0000001014 00000 n "Paul as Pastor in Acts" in Paul as Pastor. endobj Author: John M. Janzen Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000349713 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 298 Download Book. aka Bboy Sly, Harare, Zimbabwe, February 2015. But the protectorate itself remained under the British crown, and white settlement remained restricted to a few border areas, after an attempt to hand it over to the company was foiled by a delegation of three Tswana kings to London in 1895. Quiz, federation of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland. Steps taken by Rhodes to colonise Zimbabwe between 1887 and 1890. The modern Zimbabwe nation state had its origins in 12th century Great Zimbabwe, which had its capital at Great Zimbabwe with a network of over 350 related royal towns fashioned after it. JFIF K K C [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] Cecil Rhodes, who at that time held 90% of the diamond market in the world, swore the Ndebele people and their King Lobenguela, infact he gave them some rifles and an old steamship in return for the chance to take advantage of all the mining resources in their lands. 1922 - British South Africa Company administration ends, the white minority opts for self-government. Impact. On September 12, 1923, Southern Rhodesia was annexed to the crown and became a self-governing colony. >> 1893 - Ndebele uprising against British South Africa Company rule is crushed. Most western donors, including the World Bank and the IMF, cut aid because of President Mugabe's land seizure programme. 2009 September - IMF provides $400m support as part of G20 agreement to help member states. Introduction: Zimbabwe in Historical Perspective 2 Early States, c. 900-1900 3 The British Conquest State 4 Colonial Economy and Society to 1953 5 The Federation Years, 1953-1963 6 Nationalist Movements to 1965 7 Unilateral Declaration of Independence and African Response 8 Independent Zimbabwe, 1980-2000 9 The Crisis Years, 2000-2008 10 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 Squatters seize hundreds of white-owned farms in a violent campaign supported by the government. - Each pioneer settler was promised 3000 acres of land and 15 gold claims and cash (Daily allowance of 7 shillings and 6 pence). /BitsPerComponent 8 Mambo Press . /SM 0.02 /SMask /None>> First, Rhodes ensued in gaining a concession for the mining rights from the Ndebele. 1964 - Ian Smith of the Rhodesian Front becomes prime minister, tries to persuade Britain to grant independence. 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