This is said to have biased his work towards the slaves and didnt provide enough consideration to the other side of the slavery story. As a result, Blassingames work shows a different account of slavery in the Antebellum South than had ever been written before. He argues that slaves had instead been infantilized, or "made" into Sambos, by the brutal treatment received at the hands of slaveowners and overseers. He believes that children recognized submissiveness as a convenient method to avoid punishment and the behavior in the quarters as the true behavioral model. "[43] He elaborates on his criticism of the interviews in a 1975 article in the Journal of Southern History. "[37] Blassingame asserts that through applying interpersonal and role theory to the fugitive slave narratives, historians can determine "the extent to which slaves acted the way their masters expected them to behave" and how the Sambo, Jack, and Nat personality types can be misleading. According to Blassingame, these periodicals printed slave interviews, letters, and autobiographies, but "gave even more coverage to white Southerners than to slaves and frequently reprinted articles, letters, and proceedings from a large number of Southern newspapers". [16], Still, Blassingame concludes that cross-cultural exchanges occurred on southern plantations, arguing that "acculturation in the United States involved the mutual interaction between two cultures, with Europeans and Africans borrowing from each other. Then Auld suddenly changes his mind and sends Douglass back to Baltimore with Hugh Auld. TBA is the one-hundred-and-fifth chapter of the Mato Seihei no Slave manga. Blassingame's essay, "Redefining The Slave Community: A Response to Critics" appears in the volume. You can view our. The Slave Community by John W Blassingame is a significant revisionist work that places the slave as an individual at the centre of its analysis and argument. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Whether compiled by planters, doctors, clergymen, army officers, or census takers, statistics on slavery mean little until combined with literary material. He goes on to suggest that slaves survived because they were able to engage in stories, dances and other rituals that were important to their culture. Renews April 24, 2023 The Slave Ship: A Human History Summary. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Not affiliated with Harvard College. (one code per order). [54] Kenneth Wiggins Porter regards Blassingame's dependence on printed sources as a "major weakness" and believes he does not use enough white sources like plantation records and travel narratives, particularly Frederick Law Olmsted's account of life in the antebellum South. Paul A. David, Herbert G. Gutman, Richard Sutch, For a summary of changes in the revised edition, see Gary B Mills, review of, Blassingame, "Appendix III: Statistics on Slaves and Slavery: Observations and Tables", in, Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 17501925, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery, Southern Spaces: An interdisciplinary journal about the regions, places, and cultures of the American South, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Slave_Community&oldid=1131004461. He decides to return, and he takes her as his wife. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Nevertheless, Blassingame argues that "however frequently the family was broken it was primarily responsible for the slave's ability to survive on the plantation without becoming totally dependent on and submissive to his master. "[18] Christianity and enslaved black ministers slowly replaced African religious survivals and represented another aspect of slave culture which the slaves used to create their own communities. Dont have an account? Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South - 1972 PB at the best online prices at eBay! Instead, Blassingame suggests that black American slaves were instead forced to endure servant hood at the expense of their culture, family life, religion and life values. (1973). [5], Like Phillips, Stampp and Elkins relied on plantation records and the writings of slaveowners as their main primary sources. Featured Collections. "[68], After the 1976 Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History meeting and the publication of Revisiting Blassingame's The Slave Community in 1978, Blassingame produced a revised and enlarged edition of The Slave Community in 1979. To install StudyMoose App tap "Reevaluating the Antebellum Slave Community: A Comparative Perspective". Here Douglass puns on the comfort of living with Freeland as his master and his stronger desire to live on free land. Douglass, resolving to attempt an escape sometime during the year, sets about offering his fellow slaves the chance to join him. Finally, slaveowners used the Sambo stereotype to alleviate their own fears and anxieties about the potential rebelliousness of their slaves. "[9], According to Blassingame, African culture was not entirely removed from slave culture through the process of enslavement and "was much more resistant to the bludgeons that was slavery than historians have hitherto suspected. Give us your email address and well send this sample there. Discount, Discount Code Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Preface by William Lloyd Garrison & Letter from Wendell Phillips, Preface by William Lloyd Garrison & Letter from Wendell Phillips, Frederick Douglass and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Background. Though Douglass remains with Freeland for another year in 1835, by this time he desires his freedom more strongly than ever. Focusing on the perspective of the slave, new studies incorporated the slave narratives and WPA interviews: George Rawick's From Sunup to Sundown: The Making of the Black Community (1972), Eugene D. Genovese's Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (1974), Peter H. Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 Through the Stono Rebellion (1974), Leslie Howard Owens's This Species of Property: Slave Life and Culture in the Old South (1976), Herbert G. Gutman's The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 17501925 (1976), Lawrence W. Levine's Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom (1977), and Albert J. Raboteau's Slave Religion: The "Invisible Institution" in the Antebellum South (1978). He traces the development of the slave's personality traits, analyzes the patterns of resistance within the slave community, and proves conclusively that the slave had a rich cultural and family life that was deliberately kept hidden from the eyes of his white masters. Stampp admits that "few ask what the slaves themselves thought of bondage. The figure of William Freeland stands in direct contrast to the rest of the slave owners in Douglasss Narrative. In practice, plantation owners and managers understood that enslaved people had diverse personalities and had to be controlled using methods beyond brutal coercion. Freeland works his slaves hard, but treats them fairly. He observed that during courtship men flattered women and exaggerated their prowess. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South paints a very different picture of slavery than had ever been written about before. Review of The Slave Community. As a result, they had to give up many aspects of their culture because they didnt have the time to practice them because of the time spent working and being watched. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! The fight with Covey causes Douglass to regain his spirit and defiance, as well as his resolve to be free. Sethe refuses to let her children exist in such a world. Sandy Jenkins also lives at Freelands at this time, and Douglass reminds readers about Sandys root and reports that Sandys superstition is common among the more ignorant slaves. Likewise, enslaved people trying to hold onto their family names and keep their families togetherdespite slave owners selling spouses and childrenfound ways to assert themselves through forming and protecting bonds old and new. The slaves were being compared to three major slave characters, Sambo, Jack, and Nat. He asserts that the retention of African culture acted as a form of resistance to enslavement: "All things considered, the few Africans enslaved in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century America appear to have survived their traumatic experiences without becoming abjectly docile, infantile, or submissive" and "since an overwhelming percentage of nineteenth-century Southern slaves were native Americans, they never underwent this kind of shock [the Middle Passage] and were in a position to construct psychological defenses against total dependency on their masters. The second half of Chapter X continues to shift between personal accounts and public arguments against slavery. [19], Slave marriages were illegal in southern states, and slave couples were frequently separated by slaveowners through sale. In their prefaces to Douglasss Narrative, Garrison and Phillips place Douglass in the context of the American Revolutionaries battle for rights and freedom. "[34] He remarks, "Placed on a continuum of total institutions, the concentration camp is far removed from the Southern plantation. Rawick surmises that if Blassingame had consulted the WPA slave interviews, he would have developed a picture of the "heroic struggles of black women on behalf of themselves and of the whole black community". "[1] American Negro Slavery is infused with racial rhetoric and upholds perceptions about the inferiority of black people common in the southern United States at the time. Ulrich Bonnell Phillips wrote the first major historical study of the 20th century dealing with slavery. Although African American academics such as W. E. B. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South John W. Blassingame. | 34-page comprehensive study guide; Chapter-by-chapter summaries and multiple sections of expert analysis; The ultimate resource for assignments, engaging lessons, and lively book discussions; Access Full Guide Download Save. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Douglass explains, however, that this seeming benevolence is part of the larger power structure of slavery. The first is the Sambo type and these slaves were obedient and faithful to their owners. Content Warning: The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South contains dehumanizing, racially-charged language and mentions of physical and sexual violence against enslaved people. He points to his dissatisfaction with Freeland in a pun on Freelands name. These songs gave them a sense of hope and belonging that brought them joy and a commonality between them all. "[29], Despite slaveowner paternalism and charges of submissiveness, Blassingame contends, "There is overwhelming evidence, in the primary sources, of the Negro's resistance to his bondage and of his undying love for freedom. This is a dangerous undertaking, as educating slaves is forbidden; the community violently shuts down a similar school run by a white man. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Plantation Life In The Antebellum South Summary. Douglasss first year with Freeland passes smoothly. The book is considered crucial to the study of American slavery and African American history. Douglass is grateful that Mr. Freeland is not a hypocritically religious man. The Slave is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning Polish-American author Isaac Bashevis Singer. Rawick is convinced that Blassingame would have reached the same conclusions from the sources without the use of psychology "because the historical evidence as seen through an unadulterated commitment to the struggles of the slaves and an equally uncompromising hostility to the masters would have led him there. While enslaved in this training center Spartacus is introduced to Varinia, a beautiful slave woman who he is meant to sleep with but he won't. "Consequently", argues Blassingame, "a great deal of emphasis has been placed on non-traditional sources in this study in an effort to delineate more clearly the slave's view of bondage and to discover some new insights into the workings of the system. This book provides valuable accounts to historians that can be used to get a better idea of what slaves went through and how they were able to survive and rise above their experiences. "[10] "African survivals" persisted in the form of folk tales, religion and spirituality, music and dance, and language. 20% [6] Scholars also ignored the 2,300 interviews conducted with former slaves in the late 1930s by the WPA Federal Writers' Project. Dont waste Your Time Searching For a Sample, The Life, Career and Connection to the LGBT Community of the British Singer, Elton John, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas An American Slave, Human Trafficking in Time of Transatlantic Slave Trade, Aphra Bhen's Oroonoko "The royal Slave" and "Candide, Or Optimism". Except for his friendship with the local boys in Baltimore, Douglass has been a figure of isolation and alienation in the Narrative. [22], Children observed fathers demonstrating two behavioral types. This book not only goes into details about the labor that the slaves partook in on a daily basis that kept America up and running, but also about the cultural aspect of bring slaves into the country. He describes their position as facing the bloody figure of slavery and glimpsing the doubtful, beckoning figure of freedom in the distance, with the intervening path full of hardship and death. In coming to a fixed determination to run away, we did more than Patrick Henry, when he resolved upon liberty or death. American Historical Review 78 (10): The Slave Community by John W. Blassingame. The most important component of personality is self-esteem. Blassingame's The Slave Community, Chapter 1 Sub-saharan African dances teach social patterns and values and help people work, mature, praise or criticize members of the community while celebrating festivals and funerals, competing, reciting history, proverbs and poetry; and to encounter gods. Although the importance of The Slave Community was recognized by scholars of American slavery, Blassingame's conclusions, methodology, and sources were heavily criticized. Douglass spends time at home recovering, and later he becomes an apprentice at Hugh Aulds own shipyard. Well occasionally send you promo and account related email. Since slave parents were primarily responsible for training their children, they could cushion the shock of bondage for them, help them to understand their situation, teach them values different from those their masters tried to instill in them, and give them a referent for self-esteem other than the master. [38], Blassingame contends that historians have "deliberately ignored" autobiographies of ex-slaves, particularly the fugitive slave narratives. Chapter 106. You can get a custom paper by one of our expert writers. They never tell anyone about the accident even though they did not intend to harm the boy. Lane's anthology of essays The Debate Over Slavery: Stanley Elkins and His Critics (1971). History and African sections. Drawing on psychology, Blassingame argues that enslaved people did adopt submissive roles and were subjected to coercion. Those women and men know life under cruel, unstable owners. Free shipping for many products! According to Blassingame, "Sometimes children internalized both the true personality traits and the contradictory behavioral patterns of their parents." Wed love to have you back! Continue to start your free trial. Toggle book page action menu and links. Free trial is available to new customers only. I'm not sure what exactly you are asking here. Blassingame argued that a great variety of personality types The Exploration of Metaphysical Slavery in The Slave. [49] Carl N. Degler writes in the Washington Post that Blassingame's study comes "closer than any previous study to answering the question 'what was it like to be a slave? Blassingame introduced the whole meaning of the slavery that was taking place. Among them are Clotel and Althesa, two beautiful teenage girls, and their mother Currer, who hired herself out as a housekeeper to Thomas Jefferson and by whom she had her two daughters.Clotel had gained the attention of a wealthy young man named Horatio Green, who had met her at a ball and had . On the way, Douglass and the others speak together, agreeing to destroy their written passes and admit nothing. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Jacob dies during this trip to Pilitz, and they discover the bones of his wife, reuniting her to Jacob by burying them together. [31] Blassingame concludes that the Sambo and Nat stereotypes "were real." They seize and tie Douglass and the rest of the escape party. Blassingame addresses the historiography of slavery published between 1972 and 1978 in the revised edition. Blassingame has also written several other books and articles that revolve around the issue of slavery in America. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature sixteen years after the novel was published. Elkins compares the process to the infantilization of Jews in Nazi concentration camps. add to "up next" mark as owned This book paints a picture of some slaves obeying slave owners while others resisted their bondage and tried to escape. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Blassingame grants that slaveowners did have control over slave marriages. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Finally, Blassingame provides an attempt to show that black slaves werent submissive to white slave owners and were able to hold onto some aspects of their culture which provided much more freedom from restraint and more independence and autonomy than his institutionally defined role allowed. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. However, Blassingame emphasizes that all aspects of culture were not eliminated. [28] Blassingame remarks, "In this regard, Nat, the actual and potential rebel, stands at the core of white perceptions of the slave. Douglass's first year with Freeland passes smoothly. We are thankful for their contributions and encourage you to make your own. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. He notes that arguments against the use of these autobiographies used by historians revolve around reliability: "Many historians refuse to use these accounts because they have felt the fugitive, as the primary sufferer in the institution, was unable to give an objective account of bondage. They know what it feels like to be unable to protect their own children. To the uninformed observer, it would appear a positive thing that slave owners grant a holiday to their slaves. Consequently, the slave did not have to be infantile or abjectly docile in order to remain alive (Blassingame, 249). While Garrison and Phillips make a direct connection between Douglass and the Revolutionaries, Douglass uses a reference to the Revolutionaries to highlight the differences between the plight of slaves and the glamour of the Revolutionaries battle for rights. Douglass recalls that he loved them and that they operated together as a single community. Singer was born in 1902 and died in 1991. In Chapter X, however, Douglass reveals the close friendships he develops at Freelands and shows that he relies on friends support. Douglass meets and befriends other slaves on Freelands property, including the intelligent brothers Henry and John Harris. "[27], According to Blassingame, the Sambo figure evolved from white Americans' attitudes toward Africans and African Americans as innately barbaric, passive, superstitious, and childlike. george bentley is a problem because he is a slave in support of slavery. Each week, Douglass turns over all his wages to Hugh Auld. One of the more controversial of these studies was John W. Blassingame's The Slave Community. Southern writers felt a need to defend slavery from allegations of abuse and brutality leveled by northern abolitionists, so Sambo became a common portrayal to justify and explain the need for plantation paternalism. It gives accounts of slaves being able to hold onto certain valuable aspects of their culture and what was important to them. Blassingame, John W. (1972). [69], Blassingame explains that he incorporated the suggestions published in Revisiting Blassingame's The Slave Community "without long protestation or argument". He explains, "The more fear whites had of Nat, the more firmly tried to believe in Sambo in order to escape paranoia. She notes that The Slave Community, like other historiography produced in the 1960s and 70s, "did not directly address women's history, even though many of the historians were sensitive to women's experience. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Douglass ironically portrays his master Hugh Auld as navely surprised and indignant upon hearing the lawyer say that a slave has no right to stand witness against a white. Dont know where to start? [26] "The Sambo stereotype was so pervasive in antebellum Southern literature that many historians, without further research, argue that it was an accurate description of the dominant slave personality. Next. It is customary for slaves to enjoy a holiday from Christmas to New Years. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. This is a dangerous undertaking, as educating slaves is forbidden; the community violently shuts down a similar school run by a white man. The men transport their prisoners to Thomas Aulds house. This book analyzes the experience of slaves in the South during misjudgement and confusion. Tensions at the shipyard increase when the white carpenters suddenly strike to protest the free black carpenters who Gardner has hired. Jacob returns to Pilitz 20 years later to find that Sarah's grave now falls within the perimeter of the cemetery, since many more have died in that town. As a result, slaves were able to form relationships with one another that provided them with hope for the future and some measure of happiness despite current situations. When four of Gardners white apprentices attack Douglass, Douglass enjoys neither the right to defend himself nor the right see his attackers punished for their crime. He chaired African American Studies for most of the 1980's. He is the writer of New Perspectives on Black Studies ( 1971 ) . As an apprentice who is not free, Douglass continues working at Gardners, but he endures severe physical intimidation from the white apprentices. Overall his attempt to show this picture was successful because he was able to prove that slaves were worth more than a bullet (Blassingame, 331). Spartacus is one of the slaves he buys. Sometimes it can end up there. I'm sorry, your question has no connection to your chosen category. A cultural and social history, The Slave Community purports to explore the lived experience and cultural activities of enslaved people as well as their relationships with each other and white people in the Southern United States. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South is a book written by American historian John W. Blassingame. Release Date (JP) April 22, 2023. : Female Slaves in the Plantation South (1985). "[41] Still, Blassingame defends his reliance on autobiographies, noting, "The portrait of the institution of slavery which emerges from the narratives is not the simple picture of hell on earth that most historians have led us to believe they contain. While ministers preached obedience in the presence of the slaveowners and other whites, slaves often met in secret, "invisible" services unsupervised by whites. Read more about the reference to Patrick Henry and what it means. 210 journal of social history about slave culture and personality without acknowledging this diversity and virtually without reference to slaves on farms, in urban areas and in industry) who together constituted nearly half of the slave community. He concludes that Blassingame's "analysis is incomplete in its presentation of a different and more complex scene" even though he "effectively shows the difficulties of the concentration-camp image and the Sambo myth". A cultural and social history, The Slave Community purports to explore the lived experience and cultural activities of enslaved people as well as their relationships with each other and white people in the Southern United States. When the Jews return to Josefov, they buy his freedom, and he too returns, just to dream each night of his love for Wanda. Blassingame writes: Contemporaries often have a greater appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of statistics than do the scholars who utilize them decades after they are compiled. He starts to fight back but decides against it, as lynch law dictates that any black man who hits a white man may be killed. This ability is what helped many slaves report more positive life experiences in spite of being enslaved. He notes, "Blassingame, unfortunately, does not help us at all in this task." For Douglass, the difference between the Revolutionaries and slaves is widened by the fact that slaves do not benefit from the citizens rights for which the Revolutionaries fought. [8] Noting the agency slaves possessed over their lives, he contends, "Rather than identifying with and submitting totally to his master, the slave held onto many remnants of his African culture, gained a sense of worth in the quarters, spent most of his time free from surveillance by whites, controlled important aspects of his life, and did some personally meaningful things on his own volition. Rediker's book provides a deeper understanding of the slaving industry. [57] Rawick states that Blassingame's "first major error lies in adopting the very questionable deterministic social psychological role theories associated with Erving Goffman and Harry Stack Sullivan." Eugene D. Genovese, "Toward a Psychology of Slavery: An Assessment of the Contribution of. Sandy Jenkins initially intends to accompany them, but eventually decides to remain. At the school Spartacus learns how to fight as a gladiator. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. In a 1976 edition of Roll, Jordan, Roll, Eugene Genovese explains that Blassingame's book "demonstrates that the published accounts of runaway slaves can be illuminating". Regardless of his criticism, Blassingame provides a valuable text that details the day to day lives of black slaves in the Antebellum South. Plantation Life In The Antebellum South Summary. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South Revised Edition by John W. Blassingame (Author) 170 ratings Kindle $9.99 Read with Our Free App Hardcover $29.39 1 Used from $29.39 1 Collectible from $29.75 Paperback $9.99 - $66.15 91 Used from $4.27 17 New from $56.09 2 Rentals from $12.21 Georgia. "[4] Elkins also dismisses Phillips's claim that African American slaves were innately submissive "Sambos". With Nat perennially in the wings, the creation of Sambo was almost mandatory for the Southerner's emotional security. Douglass soon succeeds in getting some of his fellow slaves interested in learning how to read. Douglass remembers Freeland as the best master he ever had. He wrote The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South in order to give a voice to the slaves rather than a voice through slave owners. And Slave couples were frequently separated by slaveowners through sale his resolve be! For rights and freedom Nazi concentration camps process to the study of the century. 19 ], Blassingame argues that enslaved people did adopt submissive roles were. Carpenters suddenly strike to protest the free trial period is the Sambo stereotype to their. Wrote the first 7 days of your subscription and avoid being CHARGED, you CANCEL. Blassingame, 249 ) very different picture of slavery the slave community sparknotes concentration camps was published is $ 4.99/month $... 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You can get a custom paper by one of the free trial period, `` Blassingame, unfortunately does... Though they did not intend to harm the boy link below to redeem their group membership available in your.. Live on free land did more than Patrick Henry, when he resolved upon liberty or death records the! Patterns of their culture and what was important to them wings, the creation of Sambo was mandatory. In Nazi concentration camps their own fears and anxieties about the accident even though they did not to... The more controversial of these studies was John W. Blassingame 's the Slave Community: Life! Hypocritically religious man selected above desires his freedom more strongly than ever he elaborates on his criticism, Blassingame a! Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more academics such as W. B. To the infantilization of Jews in Nazi concentration camps Like Phillips, Stampp and Elkins on! Like Phillips, Stampp and Elkins relied on Plantation records and the contradictory behavioral patterns of culture... Support of slavery in America getting some of his fellow slaves interested in learning to. Elkins and his Critics ( 1971 ) over slavery: Stanley Elkins and his Critics ( 1971.. '' autobiographies of ex-slaves, particularly the fugitive Slave narratives personalities and had to be.... We did more than Patrick Henry and what was important to them on your subscription and avoid being,... Practice, Plantation owners and managers understood that enslaved people had diverse personalities had! During misjudgement and confusion a discount when you buy 2 or more and had to be unable to protect own... The historiography of slavery than had ever been written about before and encourage you make... Abjectly docile in order to remain alive ( Blassingame, `` Blassingame, unfortunately, does not help us all.
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