Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 195564 and 1,458,050 from 196575 for a total of 1,622,973. [8], Lewy estimates that 40,000 South Vietnamese civilians were assassinated by the PAVN/VC; 300,000 were killed as a result of combat in South Vietnam, and 65,000 were killed in North Vietnam for a total of 405,000 killed. And. History is who we are and why we are the way we are.. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. In that respect, it failed: the two Vietnams were united under a communist banner in July 1976. Congress is now considering doing something it hasnt done since the Vietnam War repealing authorizations for the use of military force, De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal, 9 Questions About the Vietnam War Answered, https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War, Vietnam War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Why the debate over repealing Iraq War approval matters. Subscribe to our HistoryNet Now! By nearly every metric, the Vietnam War was, in the common sense of the word, a war. She received an award from the National Federation of Press Women in 2022 for her editing work on Vietnam Magazine. The United States entered Vietnam with the principal purpose of preventing a communist takeover of the region. [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho During this operational commitment, 521 Australians lost their lives and the majority of these were repatriated to Australia for burial and . [60] Prior to the 1975 spring offensive, at least 5,336 ARVN were captured, being released in the aftermath of the Paris Peace Accords. Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. Vietnam War, (195475), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The West Wall May 25, 1968 to May 15, 1975. LOUISVILLE, Ky. Two people were killed and four others injured in Louisville, Kentucky, when someone shot into a crowd at a park on Saturday evening, the city's second mass shooting of . The vision of VVMF is to ensure a society in which all who have served and sacrificed in our nation's Armed Forces are properly honored and receive the recognition they justly deserve. Under the cover of monsoon rains the Vietcong (VC) 409th Battalion attacked the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines at Firebase Ross with mortars and sappers . Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. Although the records may not be complete, the U.S. National Archives shows that 58,220 U.S. soldiers perished, and categorized the deaths as follows. PAVN and VC losses were reported as 1.1 million dead and civilian deaths of Vietnamese on both sides totaled 2.0 million. John on March 28, 1966 and David on April 21, 1969 Brothers George and James Wright were both killed in Vietnam. The above figures on missing and wounded were calculated using Hanoi's declared casualty ratios for the period of 1945 to 1979, during which time the Communists incurred 1.1 million killed, 300,000 missing, and 600,000 wounded. Some photos that have been submitted are obituary photos, high school yearbook photos or Polaroids from Vietnam.. Some have tried for years before receiving approval from DoD. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTurse2013 (. I am proud of my work with this project and will never forget this time in my life.. Officials have released the names of the victims of the Dadeville, Alabama mass shooting at a birthday party. Vietnam War Casualties, MIA and POWs. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. Once a master list was compiled, the names were checked manually for errors. Significant numbers resettled in the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization. VVMF receives numerous requests each year from individuals who wish to have particular names added to the Memorial. When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed. Updated on: April 16, 2023 / 7:27 PM / CBS News. The costs and casualties of the growing war proved too much for the United States to bear, and U.S. combat units were withdrawn by 1973. Shelby L. Stanton, 'The Rise and Fall of an American Army,' Spa Books, 1989, xvi. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. Compounding these difficulties was the issue that many casualties, particularly from the Air Force, were not always straightforward in terms of locale. The Memorial is dedicated to honor the courage . Vietnam emerged from the war as a potent military power within Southeast Asia, but its agriculture, business, and industry were disrupted, large parts of its countryside were scarred by bombs and defoliation and laced with land mines, and its cities and towns were heavily damaged. For families who have worked to have their loved ones name added, the journey can be long and exhausting. Between October 1966 and June 1969, 246,000 soldiers were recruited through Project 100,000, of whom 41% were black; black people only made up about 11% of the population of the US. Vietnam War Casualties- Main Alphabetical Index www.VirtualWall.org Find A Name Information Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. The names of those who gave their lives and of those who remain missing are inscribed in the order they were taken from us. He tried to make the best call he could when adding names to the list. [62][63] Based on unit surveys, a rough estimate of 3040% of dead and missing were non-combat deaths. [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. Locate the corresponding panel at the Memorial. Long before the Vietnam conflict had ended, the "Huey" (its original Army designation was HU-1A, for Helicopter, Utility, Model 1A) was probably the most recognizable helicopter in the world. We are still looking for better-quality photos for several thousand of the men, Hoehn told Vietnam magazine. [15][16][17] Walter Mead estimates that approximately 365,000 Vietnamese civilians to have died as a result of the war during the period of American involvement. The National Park Service offers these steps for locating a name: National Park Service rangers and volunteers are available to assist in locating names at the Memorial. Researcher Seeks Help Finding Last Photos for Vietnam Wall of Faces Memorial, This Non-Profit Organization Works to Recover WWII MIAs Still Missing, Epitaph for a Hero: The Search for a WWII MIA Pilot, https://www.historynet.com/the-wall-of-faces-complete-vietnam-war/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, Made in America: The M3 Tank Was Better Suited for the Pacific Theater, This Soviet Bomber was designed in a prison camp. The State of Indiana, Vietnam casualties list by county : list of names reported from Jan. 1, 1961 thru Mar. The nation's latest mass shooting happened in Dadeville, Alabama . [5], In 1995, the Vietnamese government released its estimate of war deaths for the more lengthy period of 195575. [32] and studies have shown higher rates of casualties, health effects, and next-generation birth defects in Vietnamese peoples. History is not a fixed set of facts. Researchers should also contact the Marine Corps Archives & Special Collections at, Marine Corps Archives and Special Collections The virtual Wall of Faces features a page dedicated to honoring and remembering every person whose name is inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Whether or not there is any family whatsoever, each mans life was important and we want to honor him., I am thrilled beyond words that the project is completed, Hoehn said. EIN: 52-1149668, Copyright 2023 The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, Javascript must be enabled for the correct page display, Look up the name in the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. U.S. military advisers, present in small numbers throughout the 1950s, were introduced on a large scale beginning in 1961, and active combat units were introduced in 1965. Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. An estimate by the Department of Defense after the war gave a figure of 1.2 million civilian casualties, including 195,000 deaths. U.S. Army Personnel and Dependent Casualties, 1961-1981 85% of the records in this database are related to the Vietnam Conflict. The war lasted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. Civilian deaths caused by both sides amounted to a significant percentage of total deaths. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial provides a searchable database of names included on the Memorial, as well as lists of casualties. Over the following years, additions to the list have brought the total past 58,200. These were caused by assassinations, massacres, terror tactics, artillery, extensive aerial bombing, and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. In 1964 an Ohio woman took up the challenge that had led to Amelia Earharts disappearance. The question of who won the Vietnam War has been a subject of debate, and the answer depends on the definition of victory. Although the names are not listed alphabetically, it is not difficult for visitors to find a name on the Memorial. Per war: 191,605 deaths in the First Indochina War, 849,018 deaths in the Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), and 105,627 deaths in the Third Indochina War. For weeks and weeks, a team worked through the list, verifying spellings and ensuring that the computer printout that was to be used for the stenciling was correct. Civil War Battles. The Wall USA is a non-profit endeavor maintained by veterans of the 4th Battalion 9th Infantry Regiment for the benefit of all. His life mattered. [25][30], 18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, from 1961 to 1971. Colleen Pontes, whose father Kevin Joyce was added in 2003, remembered the rush of emotions she felt as she and her brother watched their dads name being inscribed in the granite. Beside each name is a symbol that denotes a service members status: either missing or confirmed dead. The earliest casualties are named on line 1 of panel 1 East, at the center of the Wall. The Wall of Faces gallery, an initiative of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, is now finally complete after more than two decades of research, the VVMF has announced. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. [48] In December 1966, the Blue Dragon Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Bnh Ha massacre. [24] Benjamin Valentino estimates 110,000310,000 deaths as a "possible case" of "counter-guerrilla mass killings" by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the war. The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 196775 to total 259,000. [42] This might partially explain the discrepancies between recovered weapons and body-count figures, along with exaggeration, although the NVA and VC also went to great lengths to recover weapons from the battlefield. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall USA website is dedicated to honoring those who died in the Vietnam War. Several hundred such designation changes have been made since the Wall was built in 1982. [77] Additionally, according to the U.S. military, they also lost up to 101,511 personnel as defectors due to the Chieu Hoi program,[78] but one analyst speculates that less than 25% of those were genuine. Count down from the top of the panel. This was long before the advent of integrated computer databases. His estimate of total deaths is reflected in the table. Chronological order by date of casualty allows friends and family members to pick out their loved one from all of the others with the same name. To obtain original copies of the records of this collection, contact the U.S. Department of Defense at: U.S. Department of Defense 1400 Defense Pentagon Washington, D.C. 20301-1400 703-571-3343 [98], Unexploded ordnance continue to detonate and kill people today. In reality, it is a collection of ideas, images, and information that enough people have chosen to preserve and disseminate. Doubek was tasked with identifying all of the names to be included on the Wall. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial of Greater Rochester, which has found its home in Highland Park South, has been a place of great pride since its dedication on September 8, 1996. If a service member were to return alive, a circlethe symbol of lifewould be inscribed around the plus sign. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. While at a The Wall That Heals stop, a local veteran asked me to find his friends name on The Wall. Family members are invited to witness the inscription and also to attend the annual Memorial Day ceremony when the new names are read at the Wall. Unfortunately, he mistakenly added a small number of names of men who were still alive. 20% of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines. (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) The decades-long Wall of Faces project, meant to humanize the names on the iconic Vietnam War memorial, is now complete. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. It specified the geographic areas of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and surrounding coastal areas as combat zones. [57], The ARVN suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union and China poured weapons, supplies, and advisers into the North, which in turn provided support, political direction, and regular combat troops for the campaign in the South. An additional 232,000 military personnel were still missing as of 2017, a total of 1,081,000 dead and missing for the American War. The first two names listed on Panel 1, East Wall, at the apex are from July 8, 1959. Textual documents relating to the Vietnam conflict are spread across several record groups (RGs). [55] These policies were also reported on by US commanders, with one US Marine General stating "whenever the Korean marines received fire "or think [they got] fired on from a village they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village it would be a lesson to (the Vietnamese). They seem honored to be putting the names on the Wall.. "The Vietnam Wars." The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. Furthermore, domestic unrest and the financial cost of war made peaceand troop withdrawalsa necessity, not a choice. [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. All would be represented equally, with generals listed alongside infantrymen. Together, we can make sure our heroes will get the reverence they deserve and the stories and sacrifices of our heroes will never be forgotten. 1972 FamilySearch Research Wiki Articles United States, National Archives, Military Records, 1885-2004 Other volunteers who played a key role include Andrew Johnson, a Wisconsin newspaper publisher; David Hine, who first discovered the effort from a VVMF newsletter; and Herb Reckinger, who began searching for Minnesotans on the Wall in 2014 and expanded to other states. According to a 2009 study, one third of land in the central provinces of Vietnam is still contaminated with unexploded mines and ordnance. The terms of this expansion included yet more funding and arms, but a key alteration was the commitment of U.S. soldiers to the region. . Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. Inscribed on the black granite walls are the names of more than 58,000 men and women who gave their lives or remain missing. In addition to more photos, the VVMF invites the public to share stories and memories on the online memorial to add to the legacy of fallen service members. The 2nd Marine Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966. During and after the Vietnam War, the Department of Defense (DoD) compiled a list of combat zone casualties according to criteria in a 1965 Presidential Executive Order. Kennedys expansion stemmed in part from Cold War-era fears about the domino theory: if communism took hold in Vietnam, it would topple democracies throughout the whole of Southeast Asia, it was thought. Vietnam War, (1954-75), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. Two other cleanup sites being reviewed by the United States and Vietnam are Bin Ha Air Base, in the southern province of ng Naia 'hotspot' for dioxinand Ph Ct Air Base in Bnh nh Province, according to U.S. With the glitch discovered, Doubek and his team located and hand-corrected each error. The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. For this figure, Guenter Lewy assumes that one-third of the reported enemy killed may have been civilians, concluding that the actual number of deaths of the VC and PAVN military forces was probably closer to 444,000. In my report I described them as so many women between fifteen and twenty-five and so many childrenusually in their mothers' arms or very close to themand so many old people." The Wall That Heals has a large-screen TV and slideshow, Hoehn said. [45], Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. Necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered. June 19, 1969 Jack Sweitzer and Tom McMullen (fat albert) were severly wounded by a recoilless rifle round that hit as we ate lunch. among the more than 58,000 names on the Vietnam . This tank was an upgrade, but it still had flaws. Even if a veterans family is gone, we still need to honor him, Hoehn had said in her interview. 1:50. Her areas of interest include the Vietnam War and World Wars I and II, with a focus on Great Britain, Germany and Eastern Europe. The Battle of Signal Hill was a company size engagement between members of Company E, 52nd Infantry (LRP) long-range reconnaissance patrol of the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) from 19 to 21 April 1968 during Operation Delaware.Signal Hill was the name given to the peak of Dong Re Lao Mountain, a densely forested 4,878-foot (1,487 m) mountain in the A . I respect the process, but it can be hard to prove something thats in your heart., Thats what makes it so special when you see the name going up, she added. Moyar, Mark. We are hoping for better photos of many of them.. [75], The PAVN/VC forces suffered around 600,000 wounded during the war,[76] and prior to the 1975 spring offensive, lost at least 26,880 soldiers taken prisoner - being released after the 1973 Peace Accords. DADEVILLE, Ala. (WSFA) - Four teens are dead and 28 were injured after a sweet-16 birthday party ended in gunfire Saturday night. To learn about us and how you can help maintain this site. [105], Two major war memorials commemorating the dead of the, Deaths caused by the South Korean military, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military casualties, Disproportion of African American casualties. There is now a face for every name inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., thanks to volunteer researchers. [104], Following the end of the war, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat and ship. The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post-war). The . Ho Khang, ed, Marilyn Young. The panel number is a number/letter combination, such as 10W or 35E. For those and a handful of other unique circumstances, Doubek made his own list of men who had died due to the injuries in the combat zonesnames that may have been listed by an individual service branch, but not by DoD. Approval from DoD families who have worked to have particular names added to the conflict. Of locale took up the challenge that had led to Amelia Earharts disappearance volunteer researchers in.... We are still looking for better-quality photos for several thousand of the fighting took place in South Vietnam accordingly. 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