Giant White Clams: Clams litter the ocean floor near many vent sites. The first person to advance the idea of mobile continents or continental drift was ________. D) Glossopteris. The network of volcanic ridges runs more than . Where do igneous rocks with a fine-grained (aphanitic) texture form? D) convergent plate boundary (continent-continent) c. Calcite d. Dividing up rock layers into new ones based on mineral content Over 12,000 feet below the surface, the Alvin pilot carefully works the sub through eerie towers rising up from the ocean floor and black smoker vents spewing mineral-laden fluid superheated to hundreds of degrees. The bacteria grow on the shrimps backs, making for a convenient meal for neighboring shrimp. Giant bus-sized bombs thrown through the air by the violent eruptions, and interleaved thick lava flows that followed the violent eruptions. b. divergent Body Small pieces thrown through the air, and frozen "waterfalls" of lava that flowed quietly before freezing. c. at a hot spot E) Divergent plate boundary, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. c. deep sea trenches e. along the east coast of the U.S. New oceanic crust forms at __________ plate boundaries. c. near the Hawaiian Islands d. Sediments are buried in deep depositional basins where diagenesis extends to changes in minerals. The lack of light in the deep ocean also means that it is very cold down there; below about 200 meters (656 feet) depth, ocean waters have an average temperature of only 4C (39F). The first-ever vent expedition knew they were on to something completely new when they saw swarms of white crabs all around as they approached their first vent. b. no plate boundaries ab. Feedback: C) Ice age How much electric enepby in kWh\mathrm{kWh}kWh does the water heater use each month? b. divergent plate boundaries b. oceanic-continental B) guyots Volcanoes of the Deep Sea reveals the astounding sights that lie 12,000 feet below the surface of the ocean, while delivering a real-life tale of mystery as scientists search for an animal that may be one of Earth's greatest survivorsan ancient species that is decorating the deep sea floor with its strange hexagonal trademark. b. Materials washed into place by giant waves when the side of the island fell off. d. Unreinforced masonry Although there is gold elsewhere in the oceans, it is dissolved in the water. At _________, plate material is incorporated into the mantle and recycled. d. plunges into the mantle as it approaches the ridges e. None of the above is correct. a. Atlantic B) Oceanic transform fault B) Distribution of earthquakes b. Cinder flow (a) Find the characteristic polynomial (2)=det[k]2[m]\Delta\left(\omega^2\right)=\operatorname{det}\left|[k]-\omega^2[\mathrm{~m}]\right|(2)=det[k]2[m], (b) plot (2)\Delta\left(\omega^2\right)(2) from 2=0\omega^2=02=0 to 2=4.0\omega^2=4.02=4.0 (using increments 2=0.2\Delta \omega^2=0.22=0.2 ), and ( c ) determine 12,22\omega_1^2, \omega_2^212,22, and 32\omega_3^232. b. Luster b. oldest The Volcanoes of the Deep Sea giant screen experience is an immersive introduction to this fantastic world of discovery. b. Topographic expression Consider a water wave traveling across the surface of the ocean. What does this mean? C) an oceanic transform d. limestone c. That the minerals have a definite chemical composition and are made of the same elements. Some of the earliest evidence in support of the theory of plate tectonics included similarities in the following feature(s) observed on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean: B) There was no correlation of rocks found in adjacent positions on matching continents, Which of the following fossils was used as data to help reconstruct Pangea because it was a reptile found in South America and Africa? c. deep-sea trenches Black smokers are perhaps the most impressive. E) The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle. e. Ultrafelsic, What is the name of a volcanic hazard composed of hot gases and lapilli that runs downhill at tremendous speed (perhaps > 100 mph!)? Correct! Porcelain white crabs pick their way around and over them, while eerie, eel-like zoarcid fish hover and hunt. e. Logarithmic Scale, How do we determine the location of an earthquake? divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma. . Surgical removal of the anterior pituitary, in contrast, results in many manifestations and a permanent shortage of several hormones. > Click arrow to advance. What happened here? C) Aleutian Islands d. Changing from a larva to a full-grown adult E) Mid-ocean ridges, Which of the following is characteristic of continental-continental convergent plate boundaries? Why? B) Oceanic-oceanic convergence They are fabulous gardens that few people have ever seen. Move around rapidly under the plates while the plates sit still. _____________ is primarily made up of basalt whereas __________ is primarily made up of granite. e. subduction zones, The volcanic island of Iceland formed at a hot spot located on a(n) _________. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. The low-silica lava from the Hawaiian hot spot flows easily without large explosions, so the lava spreads out to make broad, gentle volcanoes that look like shields of medieval warriors. But the water and chemicals spewing from vents can reach 752 Fahrenheit (400 Celsius). Which of the With some funding in place from the National Science Foundation and investment by The Stephen Low Company, the team began shooting in late 1999, testing a new lighting array and camera configuration on the deep sea submersible Alvin. The site they have mapped in the North Pacific is part of the longest geological structure on Earth, a deep sea mountain range over 46,000 miles long, known as the Mid-ocean Ridge System. This volcano was producing Boninite lavas - believed to be among the hottest erupting on Earth. C) Hot spots If not, why not? A) decreases in proportion to the distance Flying Blind. These underwater chimneys spew out huge black plumes. A) a continental-continental divergent Humans have tended to think of the deep ocean as a vast, empty plain too deep to support life. d. Vitreous/non-vitreous Red Sea, African Rift Valley, Atlantic Ocean Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates? e. divergent. C) Mariana Trench The reason the story is so good is that the locations are really spectacular if you can throw enough light out far enough, says Low. Although scientists videotape vents on a regular basis as part of their research, no one had been able to light and record these habitats at any significant resolution and scale. D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent The worlds highest rate of volcanic activity lies along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, an underwater mountain range that circles the globe like a huge zipper. e. All of the above are correct. B) Andes Mountains Which mineral group provides important sources of ores of copper, lead, and zinc, among others? The test took place during an expedition to a deep-sea vent site known as 9North, located in the Pacific in 9,000 feet of water. 88% A rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate, Early results of the Deep Sea Drilling project clearly justified the conclusion that, The ocean basins are relatively young; most ocean basin rocks and sediments are Cretaceous or younger in age. a. eroded by turbidity currents _______ volcano has steep flanks, symmetrical cone shapes, distinct craters, and a silica-rich magma that results in an explosive eruption style. A) Mid-ocean ridges As described in the class materials, these materials are: c. increases in age towards ridges b. grain size, composition A) Convergent plate boundary As impressive as Titanica was, Volcanoes of the Deep Sea shines even more light 4,400 watts out much farther into the water. E) plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations. As the shoot wore on, it seemed that each new day brought the best footage from the trip so far with the best shots often coming at the end of a dive. Surgical removal of the posterior pituitary in experimental animals results in clear symptoms of a hormone shortage, but they can be temporary. C) Aleutian Islands e. All of the above are correct. Mt. And suddenly were saying thats not the only place life is, notes filmmaker Stephen Low. Here, millions of tiny shrimp jockey for position near sulfur-rich emissions pouring from chimneys shaped like something out of a Dr. Seuss tale. The pilot steers from the starboard observers seat while watching several video feeds. b. SeismicRefraction d. in submarine canyons d. Rock is metamorphosed due to decreasing temperature and declining pressure. B) Red Sea volcanoes of the deep sea Flashcards | Quizlet Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like how was the volcanic process formed, why should there be no life in volcanic areas, but what lived in volcanoes and more. Which noble gas is isoelectronic with the following metal ion? (b) arsenic e. Quartz grains in sandstone e. Putting events in order from first to last, Matching up rocks of similar properties in different regions, Which of the following are ways of correlating rocks? c. at the edges of the ocean basins D) The mid-ocean ridge rises more than 2.5 kilometers above the surrounding deep-ocean floor. Southern California Filming during four dives to the bottom proved that not only was a giant-screen film going to be possible, it was going to be breathtaking. Scientific investigation of deep-sea vents has yielded astounding discoveries, opened up important new avenues for science and begun to transform our understanding of life on this planet, and on others. B) the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor. Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory? You get in your Magic School Bus, drive down the throat of a volcano, and find that you are driving through melted rock that flows with much greater difficulty than does most melted rock, because the melted rock you are driving through is lumpier than typical for melted rock. Correct! Both involve water in their formation d. hot spot. a. volcanoes D) Mendocino Fault b. If no one were observing the wave, or even thinking about it, would you say that the wave exists? This vent fluid is largely made up of hydrogen sulfide a deadly poison to most creatures. d. hot spot plate boundaries a. sand, silt, clay, pebble, cobble, boulder It seems increasingly likely that life might exist elsewhere in our own solar system; here organisms resembling the chemosynthetic microbes at vents might exist, perhaps forming the base of complex food webs comprised of higher organisms. One of the members of that team was Dr. Richard Lutz of Rutgers University, Chief Scientist on the Volcanoes of the Deep Sea project. Produced by: The Stephen Low Company / Volcanic Ocean Films Inc. c. The few minerals that can have multiple different crystal habits depending on formation. The deepest earthquakes are rare, and differ in some ways from the more-common type of quakes. e. plate boundaries, The coast of _________ is tectonically active. a. a visual experience that is almost guaranteed to alter your view of life on this planet. C) Ocean trenches D) Uplifted mountain ranges e. ocean trench, The oceanic crust is youngest __________. D) Divergent, Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-oceanic divergent plate boundary? A complex web of food relationships comes into being one based entirely on the conversion of chemicals, not sunlight, into food. oldest creatures on earth. c. directed stress b. e. Arctic. Seawater seeps down through cracks in the ocean floor and is superheated by contact with the hot rocks and magma. -Some evaporite minerals b. Grand Prize, Best Film of the YearVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; La Gode Film Festival, Paris, 2004, Kodak Vision AwardVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Giant Screen Theater Association (GSTA), 2004, Special Achievement in Film AwardVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Giant Screen Theater Association (GSTA), 2004, Honorable Mention for Educational ValueVolcanoes of the Deep Sea 6th Annual Montana CINE International Festival, Missoula, Montana, 2009, International Finalist, Marine and Earth SciencesVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Blue Ocean Film Festival, Savannah, Georgia, 2009, Honorable Mention, Ocean Exploration and AdventureVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Blue Ocean Film Festival, Savannah, Georgia, 2009, Honorable Mention, Marine Animal BehaviorVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Blue Ocean Film Festival, Savannah, Georgia, 2009, Best Scientific Exploration FilmVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; The Explorers Club Documentary Film Festival, New York, NY, 2007, Scientific Literacy Achievement AwardVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Association for Biomedical Reasearch, 2005, Illuminates the dark world of the vents as never before William J. b. mantle plumes a. felsic e. When the same mineral appears in different metamorphic facies. Broad New York Times, Unprecedented views D) sedimentology, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. All continents fit together with the least number of overlaps and gaps when the continents are matched along ________. Wegener used which of the following to provide evidence for continental drift? c. ionic bonding Instead, bacteria take energy from hydrogen sulfide and manufacture complex carbohydrates from carbon, oxygen and hydrogen present in the seawater. c. A tectonic event has occurred in the area since deposition of the stratum These deepest earthquakes probably: Are the shaking of the ground caused by "implosion" as minerals rearrange to denser forms as the pressure on them rises in downgoing slabs. Synopsis. e. A joint is a local bar frequented by geologists after mapping faults. The only region where both winds and ocean currents flow unimpeded around the world is the, The ocean, atmosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere interact with the geosphere via Earth's, b. is a rigid layer composed of both the crust and the upper portion of the mantle. Rift. A) San Andreas Fault b. oceanic-continental Time (age), What are the characteristics of an index fossil? b. divergent plate boundary A) East Pacific Rise a. gravitational attraction of the Moon Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. b. are caused by sinking volcanoes B) Tethys Sea Explain these results. d. metallic bonds It took nearly ten years to bring Volcanoes of the Deep Sea to the screen, but it was worth the wait to do it right. Nearly 4000 feet below the surface of the Pacific Ocean - in an area between Samoa, Fiji and Tonga - the West Mata volcano was discovered. B) Hot spots c. along transform faults Other animals, like crabs, eat the bacteria, and these creatures are, in turn, eaten by others. D) were first described by Christopher Columbus during his voyage to Hispaniola b. in subduction zones d. are incorporated into the mantle at subduction zones What is the most reasonable conclusion you can draw? The rock surfaces near vents and the water around them are absolutely loaded with bacteria. There is even evidence suggesting that life on Earth may have originated in the vents. c. consist of a ring of islands surrounding a seawater lagoon (a) potassium C) Guyots formed at deep depths and migrated to shallow water. c. Both made by organisms d. confining pressure Volcanoes of the Deep Sea is a 2003 documentary film in the IMAX format about undersea volcanoes directed by Stephen Low . Label the following half-reactions as either reduction or oxidation half-reactions. sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone, ___ was an ancient reptile that lived in South America and Africa during the late Paleozoic. Explosive silica-rich volcanoes will be located mostly at ______. But for Volcanoes of the Deep Sea the IMAX camera sits in the pilots seat. Chief Alvin pilot BLee Williams, who has nearly 300 dives under his belt, says the experience was disorienting at first. c. Reinforced masonry What is the most common mineral formed by life? The lithosphere floats on the ___________. The film delivers the first extensively lit views of vent habitats ever seen by the public. d. A fault is caused by brittle deformation; a joint is caused by ductile deformation. c. Layering of mineral grains A) being thrust under Japan Name a common device that is used to accomplish each energy change: On land, in fresh water and in the not-so-deep ocean, the key to life is photosynthesis. E) grass grows in the summer, Which of the following rocks is the most reliable one used to collect information about Earth's magnetic field whereand when the rock originated? A) Drummond Matthews b. marshes, estuaries, lagoons, and bays Especially low in water and carbon dioxide compared to most melted rocks. a. Picture II shows a head-of-hot-spot flood basalt, and picture I shows a subduction-zone-type throws-small-pieces cinder cone. Where on earth are strike-slip faults most common? The vent sites featured in the film have a vital connection: they are all located on the mid-ocean ridge, a mountainous, volcanically active cleft in the earths crust that snakes through the depths of the worlds oceans. The sites are like no other place on Earth. b. E) divergent plate boundary, Deep ocean trenches are associated with ________. D) Divergent plate boundary b. c. A fault results from tension; a joint results from compression. Wood frame 200 million years d. That the atoms are arranged in an orderly, repetitive manner. b. Pacific. Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands? What is chemosynthesis? Paleodictyon, ancient mystery of the deep. Volcanoes of the Deep Sea takes the audience to the coast of Spain where a unique hexagonal fossil pattern is being recovered from the rugged cliffs by eminent German geologist and paleontologist Dr. Dolf Seilacher. Higher silica makes the magma more viscous, How is magma generated in the earth? Until that time, it was believed that such hot springs could only occur in the more volcanically active Pacific Ocean. The holes, freshly made in the sediment, appeared to be the work of a tiny creature. Which one of the following statements about the world ocean is not true? a. Steel frame d. Some evaporite minerals A) San Andreas Fault E) lithosphere; asthenosphere, Moving from an oceanic ridge to an oceanic trench, the thickness of the lithosphere ________. c. Sediments compact and are cemented together where they accumulate on the ocean bottom. Less dense when solid c. High boiling pint c. Superposition Now oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ____. The sea floor that forms at spreading ridges and then moves away will: Be subducted, with most of the material going back into the mantle, balancing the material coming out to make the new sea floor. d. Streak Which fault type is the result of compression? At what temperature will the mole fraction of NO be 0.001? b. locations of mid-plate hot spot volcanoes A) an oceanic-oceanic divergent In the picture above, the pink and yellow arrows in front of Dr. Alley point to two rather different deposits from an eruption of the Hawaiian Volcano Kilauea. d. Phosphates No one has ever found caffeine in a hot-spot plume, although it is possible that other things stir up trouble in Congress. E) an oceanic-continental convergent, The East Pacific Rise is an example of ________ plate boundary. And thats the starting point to explore whats going on down there, which is fantastic. The ecosystem is also a treasure of valuable metals including gold. When were the vents discovered and where are they located? SELECT THREE THAT APPLY d. Era a. convergent plate boundaries The communities that thrive in the extremes of vent habitats are seen as a possible model for how life might emerge and thrive on other worlds. C) tablemounts For one thing, sunlight is completely absent. Picture II shows a subduction-zone-type flood basalt, and picture I shows a hot-spot-type stratovolcano. An extraordinary feature of vents is the speed at which geological processes occur. a. Assume that the pressure is 10 atm throughout. Poisonous Gardens. Mt. d. 4 oxygens and 4 silicons A volcano punched through the region deforming the stratum Water in the vents, heated by magma below the crust, is heavily populated by microbes. The pictures show famous volcanoes, that are discussed in the class materials. A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ___. To unravel the mystery of the vents, the film transports audiences to a variety of different locations, including 9 North, a Pacific vent site where giant tubeworms six-foot (1.8 meter)-tall white creatures with blood-red tips stand in graceful, dense clusters. Are found only under continents. e. All of the above are correct. c. bedrock and mountains At the heart of Volcanoes of the Deep Sea are hydrothermal ventscommunities of life thriving in the most extreme environment on Earth. Rutgers biologist Dr. Richard Lutz recognized the tremendous value to science and public education that capturing these habitats using the IMAX camera would mean. It was a unique partnership with Rutgers University and leading deep-sea scientists working at the institution that ultimately made the venture possible. e. Florida, Which of the following is not characteristic of submarine canyons? D) Hot spot A) Andes Mountains Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Pangaea B) Mendocino Fault D) a river flows a. used as evidence of seafloor movement and spreading centers d. at hot spots Planets formed after E) Andes Mountains, Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundary? C)increased;increased a. at a convergent plate boundary D) Red Sea b. Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Charles C. Plummer, Diane Carlson, Lisa Hammersley, Physiology Lab Test 1 (Lab 4 Electromyography). The mid-ocean ridge. C) Rift valley b. E) Volcanic island arcs, The San Andreas Fault ________. C) Himalaya Mountains Shake Maps D) Azores How do the vents change our understanding of life? Especially rich in iron and other things that would get between silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, compared to most melted rocks. e. crust, mantle, and core. Especially rich in water and carbon dioxide compared to most melted rocks. B) an oceanic-continental convergent c. 3 b. isotopic annealing c. Fast, then slow D) Seafloor spreading Despite bumping into a few walls and coming to within a yard of 752 Fahrenheit (400 Celsius) vent fluids, Alvin escaped the shoots unscathed, except for the odd little mishap. The former late Paleozoic supercontinent is known as ____. C) a snail crawls C) tablemounts Yes, there are. Biologist and Volcanoes of the Deep Sea Science Director Richard Lutz did a Pacific dive in 1991 at 9N, a site that had clearly just experienced a catastrophic volcanic eruption. Observations show that the ice covering the planet shifts, perhaps indicating the presence of water beneath the ice and, possibly, of chemosynthetic-based life forms. e. Lateral continuity, The Precambrian represents what fraction of earth history? E) Rift valley, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Major differences between Mt. E) Oceanic trench, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Earthquakes make sound waves that go through the whole Earth, and go slower through hotter, less-dense rocks. d. mafic E) Harry Hess, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. This finding was pivotal to the theory of plate tectonics. D) Mendocino Fault A) can be found at latitudes above 60 c. Color The research vessel Atlantis pulls out of the Azores. Each poker-chip-sized hexagonal imprint was pockmarked with several hundred tiny holes laid out symmetrically, giving it the look of an otherworldly Chinese Checkers board. a. Mt. Picture II shows a hot-spot-type shield volcano, and picture I shows a subduction-zone-type stratovolcano. Ultimately, the rock cycle _________ rock and mineral resources. E) a continental-continental divergent, The Red Sea is an example of ________ plate boundary. 15. 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