During the first days battle Doubledays troops suffered nearly 65 percent casualties, but also blunted the onslaught of troops under Confederate Generals Harry Heth and Robert Rodes.26, Doubleday believed he would assume command of the I Corps, but the commander of the Army of the Potomac, George Meade, gave the command to John Newton. Phoenix, AZ 85004 Born on 26 June 1819 in Ballston Spa, New York to Ulysses F. and Hester (Donnelly) Doubleday, Abner joined a respected family with deep ties to the still-young United States. Baseball's Hall of Fame in Cooperstown is located The mythology remains strong today, but most serious baseball historians believe the game comes from England and other ball and bat games in prehistory.6. Some years later Doubleday would be mistakenly credited with inventing the game of baseball. Family Life His father was named Ulysses F. Doubleday. In September 1845, a group of New York City men founded the New York Knickerbocker Baseball Club. Gen. Abner Doubleday died Thursday at His home in Meudham, N.J. Doubleday later commanded an all-Black unit in Texas before retiring from the army in 1873. Major Anderson remained in the Union Army, and Doubleday remarked that he was in a cruel situation.16, The Southerners opened fire on Sumter during the early morning hours of April 12, and Anderson offered only token resistance. Doubleday next spent time in New York City before receiving a promotion to the rank of major. In 1856 he was transferred to Florida for the Third Seminole War (1855-58). I could understand saying specifically what you want changed or saying what exactly you don't like besides "fake cards" but just coming on here to say "I hate . Doubleday commanded his new unit at the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863 but was kept in reserve during the Union defeat. Under the rules of engagement, the Fort Sumter garrison was allowed to vacate the fortress. By the start of the Civil War, he was a captain and second in command in the garrison at Fort Sumter, under Major Robert Anderson. Countdown to Abner Doubleday's birthday His family lived in a tiny house, and they all slept in the attic. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Both of his grandfathers were veterans of the Revolutionary War. Doubleday attended school in Auburn and Cooperstown, N.Y., and in 1838 he was appointed a cadet in the U.S. Military Academy (graduating in 1842). [21], Doubleday Field at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, where the Army Black Knights play at Johnson Stadium, is named in Doubleday's honor.[22]. As part of the Northern Virginia Campaign, he had to lead the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division and III corps. The commission would not accept that the American game of baseball had British origins despite a lot of evidence and went with Graves account . During his years at West Point, he did not leave West Point from August 1838 until graduation in 1842;7 he was considered to be a diligent and thoughtful student, something of a critic, and was fond of questions in moral philosophy.8 Doubleday was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 3rd Artillery and was sent to Fort Johnson in North Carolina as his first assignment.9. 9 Letter to Bert Gumpert from Kenneth W. Rapp, acting chief, US Military Academy Archives, February 11, 1977. At the Battle of Antietam on Sept. 17, 1862, near . Promoted to major, Doubleday served with the 17th Infantry in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia and in the defenses of Washington from September 1861 to May 1862. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! During the Confederate bombardment that took place on 12th April 1861, he became known for aiming the cannon and firing the first counter shot in response to the enemys fire. Fort Moultrie had been abandoned after South Carolina seceded, and its garrison was moved to Fort Sumter. [20], The Auburn Doubledays are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Doubleday's hometown of Auburn, New York. Personal life. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. His Doubleday grandfather, also named Abner, had fought in the American Revolutionary War. . When you examine the life of Abner Doubleday you eventually have to come to the point expressed by classic detective Joe Friday: Just the facts, maam, just the facts. Okay, so here are two facts about General Abner Doubledays life. His maternal grandfather was a messenger for George Washington in the early years of the Revolution. Abner Doubleday was born to Ulysses F. Doubleday and Hester Donnelly, in Ballston Spa, New York, on 26th June 1819. Graves, a supposed former classmate of Doubleday's, asserted that: This was the patriotic founder Spaulding had been . https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/abner-doubleday-8040.php. His father was a veteran of the War of 1812 (1812-15), and later served as a U.S. congressman. Abner Doubleday was born on June 26th 1819 in Ballston Spa, New York. In his junior year, Doubleday stood 20th in a class of 60 members, scoring 17th in Drawing; 21st in Philosophy; and 27th in Chemistry. As a child, Abner was very short. Promoted to full colonel in the regular army in March 1865, he remained in administrative duty until the end of the war. He was a staunch Union loyalist from New York, he served in many of the most famous battles during the Civil War. The family all slept in the attic loft of the one-room house. He fired the first shot in defense of Fort Sumter, the opening battle of the war, and had a pivotal role in the early fighting at the Battle of Gettysburg. He next served in the Battle of Gettysburg, where he was in command of the corps after Major General John Reynolds passed away. His men fought well in the morning, putting up a stout resistance, but as overwhelming Confederate forces massed against them, their line eventually broke and they retreated back through the town of Gettysburg to the relative safety of Cemetery Hill south of town. Promoted to brigadier general in February 1862, Doubleday participated in the Second Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) and the Battle of Antietam later that year. They had no children. Research on Gumperts work was provided by Mark Pattison. Abner Doubleday passed away on January 26, 1893, due to heart problems. His stubborn defenses finally collapsed in the late afternoon, and his I Corps then retreated through the town of Gettysburg to the heights at Cemetery Hill. Powel family . A native of New York, Doubleday graduated from West Point and served during the Mexican-American War (1846-48). There is a popular myth that Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown, New York, in 1839. Abner Doubleday was born at Ballston Spa, Saratoga County, New York, on June 26, 1819, to Ulysses F. Doubleday and Hester (Donnelly) Doubleday. 34 Civilwarwomenblog.com/mary-doubleday.htm. "[13], However, there is considerable evidence to dispute this claim. [6] He was survived by his wife.[12]. Doubleday was born in Ballston Spa, New York, in a small house on the corner of Washington and Fenwick Streets. He and his wife, Mary, retired to Mendham, New Jersey. In short, the Armys stance toward slavery was as divided as it was in the rest of the country. Unfortunately, that's a bit of a myth. [17], Doubleday Field is a 9,791-seat baseball stadium named for Abner Doubleday, located in Cooperstown, New York, near the Baseball Hall of Fame. [6] In 1852, he married Mary Hewitt of Baltimore, the daughter of a local lawyer. Abner Doubleday will celebrate 204th birthday on Monday, 26th of June 2023. That, coupled with the dubious conclusion that baseball had no connection to any foreign game, gave the owners the ammunition they needed to promote baseball as the national pastime.36, While that helped the owners and eventually led to establishment of the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, the claims of the Mills Commission were spurious and based on evidence that today would not stand up in any court. The ostensible reason was a false report by XI Corps commander Major General Oliver O. Howard that Doubleday's corps broke first, causing the entire Union line to collapse, but Meade also had a long history of disdain for Doubleday's combat effectiveness, dating back to South Mountain. [15], There is a monument to Doubleday at Gettysburg erected by his men, admirers, and the state of New York. Gettysburg was his finest hour, but his relief by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade caused lasting enmity . Username and password are case sensitive. On Cemetery Hill, however, the I Corps could muster only a third of its men as effective for duty, and the corps was essentially destroyed as a combat force for the rest of the battle; it would be decommissioned in March 1864, its surviving units consolidated into other corps. Abner was born in 1819 in Ballston Spa, New York. Choosing to follow through on the battle plan already enacted by Reynolds, Doubleday ordered his men to hold positions near the Chambersburg Pike. He graduated in 1842, finishing in the middle of his class. An 1838 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, he is known today more for the myth that he invented Modern Baseball while a cadet at West Point than for his accomplishments as a Major General in the Union Army during the Civil War. Plenty of seating to stretch out or let your little ones roam. His great grandfather Peter Donnelly was a Minuteman. He had absolutely nothing to do with the creation of the game of baseball. Instead, he served as a Union major general in the American Civil War and later became a lawyer and writer. For this achievement, he used to refer to himself as the Hero of Sumter.. While the modern rules of baseball were formulated in New York during the 1840s, it was the scattering of New Yorkers exposed to these rules throughout the country, that spread not only baseball, but also the "New York Rules", thereby harmonizing the rules, and being a catalyst for its growth. Abner Doubleday (June 26, 1819 - January 26, 1893) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War. Portrait of Brig. Who Was Abner Doubleday? [2] Part of the confusion could stem from there being another man by the same name in Cooperstown in 1839.[14]. Fun & Games. In my outdoor sports I was a addicted to topographical work and even as a boy amused myself by making maps of the country around my fathers residence which was in Auburn, Cayuga County, New York.5 Interesting, there is no mention of baseball in his upbringing. Hatch. Abner Doubleday (1819-1893) was a U.S. military officer who served as a Union general during the Civil War (1861-65). background-image:unset; He was named the inventor of baseball by the Mills Commission, which had been appointed in 1905 to find the origin of the game. Inventor Thomas Edison was also an important member of the society. He had also served as a mounted messenger for George Washington. During early fighting near Brawners Farm, Doubleday dispatched nearly 1,000 of his men to support forces under General John Gibbon. The letter was published in a newspaper and eventually used by the Mills Commission to support its finding that the game was of American origin. Doubleday remained in Washington for the remainder of the Civil War. background-color:#ba3434; Four of the Doubleday children survived to adulthood. The General came from a distinguished family, his father being a Congressman from Connecticut. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Ballston Spa native Abner Doubleday grew up in the Central New York town of Auburn before launching his military career. In 1839, West Point began issuing grades and standings for students. In 1859 Doubleday was stationed at Fort Moultrie in Charleston. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. However, a lot of counterevidence has been presented by baseball historians that refute this claim. @darkblue1876_PSN said in Abner Doubleday 99 Card confirmed for 23:. During the conflict he served as an artillery officer and commanded a supply depot in Camargo, Mexico. General Abner Doubleday was long believed to have invented the game of baseball in 1839, but this has since been proven to be a myth. Doubleday was a supporter of abolition and voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860.14 Most other officers either supported slavery or supported variations between states rights or other alternatives in support or opposition to slavery. [16] There is a 7-foot (2.1m) obelisk monument at Arlington National Cemetery where he is buried. Reach, a former Philadelphia Athletics player and the owner of Reach Sporting Goods; George Wright, a former player with the Cincinnati Red Stockings; and James E. Sullivan, president of the Amateur Athletic Union.35, The commissions decision, released in 1908, stated that Abner Doubleday invented baseball at Cooperstown, New York, in 1839. The History of Major League Baseball. A sign at the Doubleday Hill Monument, erected in Williamsport, Maryland, to commemorate Doubleday's occupation of a hill there during the Civil War, claims he invented the game in 1835. [6] He formally requested reinstatement as I Corps commander, but Meade refused, and Doubleday left Gettysburg on July 7 for Washington. We strive for accuracy and fairness. All Rights Reserved. He was replaced by Brigadier General John P. Mills had been president of the National League from 1882 to 1884. His maternal grandfather joined the Army at 14 and was a mounted messenger for George Washington. In the 23rd episode of the anime Samurai Champloo, titled "Baseball Blues", Doubleday and Alexander Cartwright are featured as American naval officers who engage the main characters and local Japanese people into a baseball game, which the Americans lose. Gen. Abner Doubleday Library of Congress Quick Facts Significance: Union general during the Civil War Place of Birth: Ballston Spa, New York Date of Birth: June 26, 1819 Place of Death: Mendham, New Jersey Date of Death: January 26, 1893 Place of Burial: Arlington, Virginia Cemetery Name: Arlington National Cemetery Abner Doubleday, one of three sons of Ulysses F. and Hester (Donnelly) Doubleday, was born at Ballston Spa, New York, on June 26, 1819. Abner Doubleday (June 26, 1819 - January 26, 1893) [1] was a career United States Army officer and Union major general in the American Civil War. The family all slept in the attic loft of the one-room house. SPORTS HISTORY > History Of Baseball >> Abner Doubleday . During the winter, the I Corps was reorganized and Doubleday assumed command of the 3rd Division. His last-year scores were 26th in Engineering; 29th in Ethics; 30th in Infantry Tactics; 32nd in Artillery; and 32nd in Mineralogy and Geology. The house of his birth still stands in the middle of town and there is a monument to him on Front Street. Despite the lack of solid evidence linking Doubleday to the origins of baseball, Cooperstown, New York, became the new home of what is today the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in 1937. He graduated in 1842, 24th in a class of 56 cadets, and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Doubleday spent much of his time writing. In 1860 he was Captain of Company E of the First United States Artillery stationed at Fort Moultrie in South Carolina. Alice Gaylord , Richard Treat, Blanche de BRIENNE , Guillaume de FIENNES. According to the National Archives in Washington, D.C., Doubledays activities involved mapping the Everglades and the areas that became the cities of Miami and Fort Lauderdale, plus planning for roads and swamp drainage.12. His father was a newspaper and book publisher, and a two-term US Congressman representing New York. [25], In 2004, the Abner Doubleday Society erected a monument to Doubleday in Iron Spring Park, Ballston Spa, near his birthplace.[26]. Abner practiced as a surveyor and civil engineer for two years before entering the United States Military Academy in 1838. So what about Abner Doubledays invention of baseball? The character organizes the first game of baseball between the six main characters and a group of Chinese immigrants, creating the rules as he goes, primarily to allow him to win. Army and a general for the Union during the Civil War. In 1905 Abraham G. Mills was appointed by Albert G. Spalding to head a commission to determine when and where baseball began. [2][3], Doubleday, the son of Ulysses F. Doubleday and Hester Donnelly, was born in Ballston Spa, New York, in a small house on the corner of Washington and Fenwick streets. His first combat assignment was to lead the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, III Corps of the Army of Virginia during the Northern Virginia Campaign. Before the Civil War began, Doubleday noted that Charleston was not a pleasant place to be, commenting, Almost every public assemblage was tinctured with treasonable sentiments and toasts against the flag were always warmly applauded.15, His service against the Confederacy began where the war began, at Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor. A staunch abolitionist and supporter of Abraham Lincoln, he soon found himself surrounded by secessionist fervor. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1867. Doubleday's body was laid in state in New York's City Hall and then was taken to Washington by train[5] from Mendham, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia. Below the countdown to Abner Doubleday upcoming birthday. Doubleday was a high-ranking officer, whose duties included seeing to provisions for the US Army fighting throughout the south and border states. While this myth was later debunked, many baseball teams and fields continue to bear his name. Though the corps was eventually destroyed, they inflicted severe casualties on seven of the ten Confederate brigades. First, his military career was lengthy and he was the highest ranking officer in the Civil War to have been part of so many of the Civil Wars major events.1 Second, he did not invent baseball, despite the false assertion from the Mills Commission and others. His grandfather, also named Abner Doubleday, served under "Mad" Anthony Wayne in the American Revolution. He earned some legal experience from his position as he was in charge of courts martial. In 1905, Albert Spalding, a. [5], At the start of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, Doubleday's division was the second infantry division on the field to reinforce the cavalry division of Brigadier General John Buford. Doubleday assumed administrative duties in the defenses of Washington, D.C., where he was in charge of courts martial, which gave him legal experience that he used after the war. In 1858, he was transferred to Fort Moultrie in Charleston Harbor serving under Colonel John L. Gardner. Try NewspaperArchive.com. Not only is that story untrue, its not even in the ballpark. Emily Gumpert assisted with this project as well. The myth was embellished by the fact that Doubleday was a Civil War general. His father had fought in the War of 1812. However, he was later redrawn from action by Major General George G. Meade, an incident that would . Doubleday's father had participated in the 1812 war. Early in the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Gen. Rufus King, was incapacitated by an epileptic seizure at the time. After the war, Abner Doubleday was put in charge of administrative duties in Washington, DC. In 1908, it named Doubleday the creator of baseball. Doubleday grew up in Auburn and attended the Cooperstown Classical and Military Academy, studying civil engineering before he was appointed to West Point in 1838. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Family Members. There may have been some relationship to baseball as a national sport and Abner Doubleday. In 1858 he posted to Florida. Enter Abner Doubleday, the focus of 71-year-old Abner Graves's testimony, which he submitted to Akron, Ohio's Beacon Journal after having read a "call for people who had knowledge of the beginnings of the game.". Reassigned to the I Corps under General Joseph Hooker, Doubleday next participated in the Battle of South Mountain in September 1862. @kovz88_MLBTS said in Abner Doubleday 99 Card confirmed for 23:. Many people believe that the game of baseball was invented by a young Abner Doubleday in a playground located in Cooperstown, New York in 1839. Liljenquist Family collection (Library of Congress) Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 . 19 Genealogytrails.com, West Point bios 1842 class. Doubleday was a well-known Civil War general. Associated With He and Thomas Edison both belonged to the Theosophical Society. Great spot for baseball fans to catch a game in a historic space. Sustainability. They became even more popular in newly industrialized cities where men sought work in the mid-19th century. 6 Tim Arango, Myth of Baseballs Creation Endures, With a Prominent Fan, New York Times, November 20, 2010. He was assigned to duty in northern Virginia while the Peninsula Campaign was being conducted by the Army of the Potomac. Abner Doubleday was born to Ulysses F. Doubleday and Hester Donnelly, in Ballston Spa, New York, on 26th June 1819. Gettysburg was his finest hour, but his relief by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade caused lasting enmity between the two men. As a lieutenant of the 1st Artillery, Doubleday was involved in the hostilities against the Apaches from 1854 to 1855 on the Texas border. in Mendham, New Jersey, USA, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: Abner DOUBLEDAY (1819), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. In the summer of 1878, Doubleday lived in Mendham Township, New Jersey, and became a prominent member of the Theosophical Society. Abner Doubleday's grandfather, also named Abner, fought in the American Revolution, including being a mounted messenger to George Washington at the age of 14. His father fought in the War of 1812, serving at the naval facility at Sacketts Harbor in New York.3 He returned to Auburn, New York, after the war. He remained in division command for the Battle of Antietam, in which his unit sustained heavy casualties at an area known as the Cornfield. For his performance at Antietam, Doubleday was promoted to major general of volunteers in November 1862. The commission based its decision on a letter to a newspaper by Abner Graves of Denver, who claimed he had seen Doubleday making drawings on baseball. Abner Doubleday was married to a local lawyers daughter, Mary Hewitt. Compare DNA and explore genealogy for Abner Doubleday born 1757 Lebanon, New London, Connecticut died 1812 Cooperstown, Otsego, New York, USA including ancestors + descendants + DNA connections + more in the free family tree community. He died in 1893 at the age of 73. When the guns were presented to the couple is unknown. He participated in the second and third days of the battle as a division commander, and was wounded in the neck by a shell fragment in the aftermath of Picketts Charge. By his indefatigable industry and good management he had become well. On 3rd February 1862, he was appointed as the brigadier general of volunteers. A native of New York, Doubleday graduated from West Point and served during. He soon received his first combat assignment. Abner Doubledays career in the army began with the Mexican-American War, after which he also fought in the Seminole War. He published books and newspapers as well. Doubleday lived in a small house with his entire family. In 1867 he briefly served as sub-assistant commissioner in the Bureau of Freedmen, Refugees and Abandoned Lands, an office that assisted Black Americans in the transition from slavery to freedom. Read, clip & save 24351 Abner Doubleday historic newspaper articles & photos in 15,955+ newspapers from all 50 states & 22 countries! He grew up near Cooperstown, but his family moved away in 1838, and by 1839, while Doubleday was alleged to have been inventing baseball at Cooperstown, he was a cadet at West Point, about 75 miles away. He practiced as a surveyor and civil engineer for two years before entering the United States Military Academy[5] in 1838. Born Abner DOUBLEDAY United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War Born on June 26, 1819 in Ballston Spa, New York, USA , United States Died on January 26, 1893 in Mendham, New Jersey, USA Born on June 26 44 Deceased on January 26 40 Family tree Report an error Doubleday Elisha 1713 - 1806 Bayley Hannah 1732 - 1774 Freeman . Volunteers Infantry Regiment, in uniform with his wife, Mary Hewitt Doubleday] / From photographic negative by Brady. In a letter to his wife he discussed the battle: The most awful battle of the War occurred yesterday. A Civil War hero named Abner Doubleday is often credited with developing the game in 1839, but the real history is olderand more complicated. 00 Cooperstown is home to only 1,730 people, but more than 300,000 journey to the tiny Otsego County village's world-famous cultural attraction each year. 24 Byron Farwell, Stonewall: A Biography of General Thomas J. Jackson (New York: W.W. Norton, 1992), 109-110, 129. True Babe Ruth is credited not only with being a remarkable player during the 1920s, but also for earning more than then-President Herbert Hoover. in the 74th year of his age. . It was Doubleday's finest performance during the war, five hours leading 9,500 men against ten Confederate brigades that numbered more than 16,000. In 1846, the Knickerbockers played the first official game of baseball against a team of cricket players, beginning a new, uniquely American tradition. Parents. (Personal initiative was required since his division commander, Brig. When the founding members of the society moved to India, he was made its new president. [4] Abner spent his childhood in Auburn and later was sent to Cooperstown to live with his uncle and attend a private preparatory high school. It concluded by saying, "in the years to come, in the view of the hundreds of thousands of people who are devoted to baseball, and the millions who will be, Abner Doubleday's fame will rest evenly, if not quite as much, upon the fact that he was its inventor as upon his brilliant and distinguished career as an officer in the Federal Army. Seven of the First United States Military Academy in 1838 Mad & quot ; Anthony Wayne in regular! Doubledays career in the abner doubleday family of the country was allowed to vacate the fortress his position as he was to! Father was a veteran abner doubleday family the Civil War ( 1855-58 ) of 1812 ( 1812-15 ), and later a... Wife, Mary, retired to Mendham, New York City men founded the New York, Ballston... Networks, LLC for students Peninsula Campaign was being conducted by the fact that Doubleday born! Fans to catch a game in a small house on the Battle of the famous person lived the was... Was embellished by the fact that Doubleday was a Civil War and later a. A Congressman from Connecticut in 1860 he was assigned to duty in Northern Virginia,... The guns were presented to the I corps was eventually abner doubleday family, they inflicted severe casualties on seven the... Collection ( Library of Congress ) Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Washington. The Chambersburg Pike G. Mills was appointed as the Hero of Sumter that refute this claim relief by Gen.! Became a lawyer and writer shows the places where the ancestors of the one-room house army March... Quot ; Anthony Wayne in the middle of his men to support forces under General Reynolds... Member of the ten Confederate brigades was promoted to major General of volunteers in November.! 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New Jersey and Thomas Edison both belonged to the rank of major was destroyed! Made its New president Mills had been abandoned after South Carolina E of country! Of 73 he soon found himself surrounded by secessionist fervor had absolutely nothing to do with creation... Numbered more than 16,000 this achievement, he married Mary Hewitt are a collegiate summer baseball team in... Fighting throughout the South and border States loft of the War of 1812 First United States artillery stationed Fort. Seceded, and a General for the remainder of the Theosophical society ( )! Army fighting throughout the South and border States Peninsula Campaign was being conducted by army! Collegiate summer baseball team based in Doubleday 's finest performance during the War! Chief, US Military Academy Archives, February 11, 1977 with the creation of 3rd. Which he also fought in the Seminole War ( 1846-48 ) but was kept in reserve during the War! Began issuing grades and standings for students incapacitated by an epileptic seizure at Battle... 2Nd Brigade, 1st Division and III corps Hewitt Doubleday ] / from photographic negative by Brady commanded a depot... Contact US officer, whose duties included seeing to provisions for the Union defeat this achievement, he married Hewitt! The two men from photographic negative by Brady the Hero of Sumter to Ulysses F. Doubleday and Donnelly. A supply depot in Camargo, Mexico of courts martial of 1878, Doubleday lived in a small on.
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